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Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署的方法

时间:2021-03-06 00:52     来源/作者:金角大王

如何在生产上部署Django?

Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
1.WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。
2.uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
3.而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4.uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

uwsgi性能非常高

Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署的方法

uWSGI的主要特点如下
1.超快的性能
2.低内存占用(实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)
3.多app管理(终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-)
4.详尽的日志功能(可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈)
5.高度可定制(内存大小限制,服务一定次数后重启等)

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东,正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的:

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安装使用

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# Install the latest stable release:
 
pip install uwsgi
 
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
 
pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

基本测试

Create a file called test.py:

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# test.py
 
def application(env, start_response):
 
  start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
 
  return [b"Hello World"] # python3
 
  #return ["Hello World"] # python2

运行

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uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

用uwsgi 启动django

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uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

可以把参数写到配置文件里

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alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini
 
[uwsgi]
 
http = :9000
 
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
 
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
 
# the base directory (full path)
 
chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye
 
# Django's wsgi file
 
wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py
 
# maximum number of worker processes
 
processes = 4
 
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
 
threads = 2
 
#monitor uwsgi status
 
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
 
# clear environment on exit
 
vacuum     = true

启动

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/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

Nginx安装使用

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sudo apt-get install nginx
 
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start  # start nginx

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
  # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
  server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
 
}
# configuration of the server
 
server {
 
  # the port your site will be served on
 
  listen   8000;
 
  # the domain name it will serve for
 
  server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
 
  charset   utf-8;
 
  # max upload size
  client_max_body_size 75M;  # adjust to taste
 
  # Django media
  location /media {
 
    alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
 
  }
 
  location /static {
 
    alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
 
  }
 
  # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
 
  location / {
    uwsgi_pass django;
    include   /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
 
  }
}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django's intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

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sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

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STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

and then run

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python manage.py collectstatic

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦!

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/p/6538374.html

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