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基于Python的XML格式的文件示例代码详解

时间:2021-09-24 00:15     来源/作者:luobo_mlz

XML文件是可拓展标记语言,是一种简单的数据存储语言,被设计用来传输和存储数据

在Python中XML的一些方法

读取文件和内容

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#引用xml模块
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
# ET去打开xml文件
tree = ET.parse("files/xo.xml")
 
# 获取根标签
root = tree.getroot()
 
print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7f94e02763b0>
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
root = ET.XML(content) # 获取根标签
print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

读取节点数据

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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein" id="999" >
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)
 
country_object = root.find("country") # 获取XML文件中的country标签
print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 获取country标签名  获取country标签地属性
gdppc_object = country_object.find("gdppc")# 获取gdppc标签
print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 获取gdppc标签的名称  获取gdppc属性(没有属性为:{}) 获取gdppc标签里面的内容
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)
 
# 获取data标签的孩子标签
for child in root:
  # child.tag = conntry 获取到两个country标签
  # child.attrib = {"name":"Liechtenstein"}
  print(child.tag, child.attrib)
  for node in child:
    print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 获取到reank标签
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
root = ET.XML(content)
 
# 找到子子孙孙的year标签
for child in root.iter('year'):
  print(child.tag, child.text)
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
root = ET.XML(content)
v1 = root.findall('country') # 找到所有的country标签
print(v1)
 
v2 = root.find('country').find('rank') # 找到country标签中的rank标签
print(v2.text)

删除和修改节点

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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""
 
root = ET.XML(content)
 
# 修改节点内容和属性
rank = root.find('country').find('rank')
print(rank.text)
rank.text = "999" # 修改rank标签里面的内容
rank.set('update', '2020-11-11') # 为rank标签新增一个update属性
print(rank.text, rank.attrib)
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("new.xml", encoding='utf-8')
 
# 删除节点
root.remove( root.find('country') )
print(root.findall('country'))
 
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')

构建文档

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<home>
  <son name="儿1">
    <grandson name="儿11"></grandson>
    <grandson name="儿12"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name="儿2"></son>
</home>
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
# 创建根标签
root = ET.Element("home")
 
# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'})
 
# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})
grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)
 
# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)
 
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml', encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短标签的形式创建
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<famliy>
  <son name="儿1">
    <grandson name="儿11"></grandson>
    <grandson name="儿12"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name="儿2"></son>
</famliy>
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("famliy")
 
 
# 创建大儿子
son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '儿2'})
 
# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})
grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})
 
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)
 
 
# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)
 
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8')
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<famliy>
    <son name="儿1">
    <age name="儿11">孙子</age>
  </son>
    <son name="儿2"></son>
</famliy>
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
 
# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("famliy")
 
 
# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={"name": "儿2"})
 
# 在大儿子中创建一个孙子
grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, "age", attrib={'name': '儿11'})
grandson1.text = '孙子'
 
 
et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")
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<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("user")
root.text = "<![CDATA[你好呀]]"
 
et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52217647/article/details/114778013

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