SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。
python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。
Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下:
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import smtplib smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] ) |
参数说明:
host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:w3cschool.cc,这个是可选参数。
port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号,一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。
local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上,你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。
Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件,语法如下:
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
参数说明:
from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。
to_addrs: 字符串列表,邮件发送地址。
msg: 发送消息
这里要注意一下第三个参数,msg是字符串,表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题,发信人,收件人,邮件内容,附件等构成,发送邮件的时候,要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。
实例
以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例:
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#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib sender = 'from@fromdomain.com' receivers = [ 'to@todomain.com' ] message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com> To: To Person <to@todomain.com> Subject: SMTP e-mail test This is a test e-mail message. """ try : smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( 'localhost' ) smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email" except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email" |
使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件
Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:
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import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText mailto_list = [ "YYY@YYY.com" ] mail_host = "smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器 mail_user = "XXX" #用户名 mail_pass = "XXXX" #口令 mail_postfix = "XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀 def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list:收件人;sub:主题;content:邮件内容 me = "hello" + "<" + mail_user + "@" + mail_postfix + ">" #这里的hello可以任意设置,收到信后,将按照设置显示 msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype = 'html' ,_charset = 'gb2312' ) #创建一个实例,这里设置为html格式邮件 msg[ 'Subject' ] = sub #设置主题 msg[ 'From' ] = me msg[ 'To' ] = ";" .join(to_list) try : s = smtplib.SMTP() s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器 s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器 s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件 s.close() return True except Exception, e: print str (e) return False if __name__ = = '__main__' : if send_mail(mailto_list, "hello" , "<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>" ): print ( "发送成功" ) else : print ( "发送失败" ) |
或者你也可以在消息体中指定Content-type为text/html,如下实例:
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#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com> To: To Person <to@todomain.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format <b>This is HTML message.</b> <h1>This is headline.</h1> """ try : smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( 'localhost' ) smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print ( "Successfully sent email" ) except SMTPException: print ( "Error: unable to send email" ) |
Python发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
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from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart import smtplib #创建一个带附件的实例 msg = MIMEMultipart() #构造附件1 att1 = MIMEText( open ( 'd:\\123.rar' , 'rb' ).read(), 'base64' , 'gb2312' ) att1[ "Content-Type" ] = 'application/octet-stream' att1[ "Content-Disposition" ] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"' #这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字 msg.attach(att1) #构造附件2 att2 = MIMEText( open ( 'd:\\123.txt' , 'rb' ).read(), 'base64' , 'gb2312' ) att2[ "Content-Type" ] = 'application/octet-stream' att2[ "Content-Disposition" ] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"' msg.attach(att2) #加邮件头 msg[ 'to' ] = 'YYY@YYY.com' msg[ 'from' ] = 'XXX@XXX.com' msg[ 'subject' ] = 'hello world' #发送邮件 try : server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect( 'smtp.XXX.com' ) server.login( 'XXX' , 'XXXXX' ) #XXX为用户名,XXXXX为密码 server.sendmail(msg[ 'from' ], msg[ 'to' ],msg.as_string()) server.quit() print '发送成功' except Exception, e: print ( str (e)) |
以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed,并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件:
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#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib import base64 filename = "/tmp/test.txt" # 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码 fo = open (filename, "rb" ) filecontent = fo.read() encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64 sender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com' reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com' marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER" body = """ This is a test email to send an attachement. """ # 定义头部信息 part1 = """From: From Person <me@fromdomain.net> To: To Person <amrood.admin@gmail.com> Subject: Sending Attachement MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s --%s """ % (marker, marker) # 定义消息动作 part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit %s --%s """ % (body,marker) # 定义附近部分 part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\" Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s %s --%s-- """ % (filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker) message = part1 + part2 + part3 try : smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( 'localhost' ) smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message) print ( "Successfully sent email" ) except Exception: print ( "Error: unable to send email" ) |
如果感兴趣的朋友可以继续参考下面的文章。