对于web开来说,用户登陆、注册、文件上传等是最基础的功能,针对不同的web框架,相关的文章非常多,但搜索之后发现大多都不具有完整性,对于想学习web开发的新手来说就没办法一步一步的操作练习;对于web应用来说,包括数据库的创建,前端页面的开发,以及中间逻辑层的处理三部分。
本系列以可操作性为主,介绍如何通过django web框架来实现一些简单的功能。每一章都具有完整性和独立性。使用新手在动手做的过程中体会web开发的过程,过程中细节请参考相关文档。
本操作的环境:
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deepin linux 2013(基于ubuntu)
python 2.7
Django 1.6.2
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创建项目与应用
#创建项目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite2
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite2
#在项目下创建一个disk应用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite2$ python manage.py startapp disk
目录结构如下:
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,将disk应用添加进去:
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# Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin' , 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , 'disk' , ) |
设计Model(数据库)
打开mysite2/disk/models.py文件,添加如下内容
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from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length = 30 ) headImg = models.FileField(upload_to = './upload/' ) def __unicode__( self ): return self .username |
创建两个字段,username 用户存放用户名,headImg 用户存放上传文件的路径。
下面进行数据库的同步
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fnngj@fnngj - H24X:~ / djpy / mysite2$ python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table disk_user You just installed Django 's auth system, which means you don' t have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes / no): yes 输入yes / no Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj' ): 用户名(默认当前系统用户名) Email address: fnngj@ 126.com 邮箱地址 Password: 密码 Password (again): 确认密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object (s) from 0 fixture(s) |
最后生成的 disk_user 表就我是我们models.py 中所创建的类。Django 提供了他们之间的对应关系。
创建视图
1、打开mysite2/disk/views.py 文件
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from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response # Create your views here. def register(request): return render_to_response( 'register.html' ,{}) |
2、创建注册页面
先在mysite2/disk/目录下创建templates目录,接着在mysite2/disk/templates/目录下创建register.html 文件:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> < html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang = "en" lang = "en" > < head > < meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> < title ></ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >register</ h1 > </ body > </ html > |
3、设置模板路径
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,在底部添加:
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#template TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite2/disk/templates' ) |
4、设置URL
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from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'mysite2.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r '^admin/' , include(admin.site.urls)), url(r '^disk/' , 'disk.views.register' ), ) |
5、启动服务
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fnngj@fnngj - H24X:~ / djpy / mysite2$ python manage.py runserver Validating models... 0 errors found May 20 , 2014 - 13 : 49 : 21 Django version 1.6 . 2 , using settings 'mysite2.settings' Starting development server at http: / / 127.0 . 0.1 : 8000 / Quit the server with CONTROL - C. |
6、访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/
注册页面可以正常打开说明整个过程已经走通。这也是Django开发的基本套路。读者一定要熟练理解这个基本套路。
完善表单提交
通过上面的过程,我们只是把过程串了起来,细心你一定发现,我们的register.html 文件,并没有创建用户提交的表单,views.py文件中也并没有对用户提交的信息做处理。下面我们就针对这两个文件进一步的补充。
打开mysite2/disk/templates/register.html 文件:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> < html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang = "en" lang = "en" > < head > < meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> < title ></ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >register</ h1 > < form method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" > {{uf.as_p}} < input type = "submit" value = "ok" /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
打开mysite2/disk/views.py 文件:
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from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django import forms from django.http import HttpResponse # Create your views here. class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField() headImg = forms.FileField() def register(request): if request.method = = "POST" : uf = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES) if uf.is_valid(): return HttpResponse( 'upload ok!' ) else : uf = UserForm() return render_to_response( 'register.html' ,{ 'uf' :uf}) |
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面
填写用户名,选择本地上传文件,点击“ok”
抛出一个错误,这个错误比较友好,所以不是我们操作过程中的小错误。
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,将下面一行代码注释:
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MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware' , 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware' , #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware' , 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware' , 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware' , ) |
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面,我们就可以正常将用户名和文件提交了!
将数据写入数据库
虽然已经实现了数据的提交,但用户名与文件并没有真正的写入到数据库。我们来进一步的完善mysite2/disk/views.py 文件:
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#coding=utf-8 from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django import forms from django.http import HttpResponse from disk.models import User # Create your views here. class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField() headImg = forms.FileField() def register(request): if request.method = = "POST" : uf = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES) if uf.is_valid(): #获取表单信息 username = uf.cleaned_data[ 'username' ] headImg = uf.cleaned_data[ 'headImg' ] #写入数据库 user = User() user.username = username user.headImg = headImg user.save() return HttpResponse( 'upload ok!' ) else : uf = UserForm() return render_to_response( 'register.html' ,{ 'uf' :uf}) |
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面,完成文件的上传。
那数据库中保存的是什么呢?
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fnngj@fnngj - H24X:~ / djpy / mysite2$ sqlite3 db.sqlite3 SQLite version 3.7 . 15.2 2013 - 01 - 09 11 : 53 : 05 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite> select * from disk_user; 1 | Alen | upload / desk.jpg sqlite> |
通过查看数据库发现,我们数据库中存放的并非用户上传的文件本身,而是文件的存放路径。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。