前言
单元测试对我们的代码质量非常重要。很多同学都会对业务逻辑或者工具方法写测试用例,但是往往忽略了对Controller层写单元测试。我所在的公司没见过一个对Controller写过测试的。今天来演示下如果对Controller进行单元测试。以下内容默认您对单元测试有所了解,比如如何mock一个接口。在这里多叨叨一句,面向接口的好处,除了能够快速的替换实现类(其实大部分接口不会有多个实现),最大的好处就是可以进行mock,可以进行单元测试。
测试Action
下面的Action非常简单,非常常见的一种代码。根据用户id去获取用户信息然后展示出来。下面看看如何对这个Action进行测试。
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public class UserController : Controller { private readonly IUserService _userService; public UserController(IUserService userService) { _userService = userService; } public IActionResult UserInfo( string userId) { if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(userId)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId)); } var user = _userService.Get(userId); return View(user); } } |
测试代码:
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[TestMethod()] public void UserInfoTest() { var userService = new Mock<IUserService>(); userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny< string >())).Returns( new User()); var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object); //对空参数进行assert Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => { var result = ctrl.UserInfo( null ); }); //对空参数进行assert Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => { var result = ctrl.UserInfo( "" ); }); var result = ctrl.UserInfo( "1" ); Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof (ViewResult)); } |
我们对一个Action进行测试主要的思路就是模拟各种入参,使测试代码能够到达所有的分支,并且Assert输出是否为空,是否为指定的类型等。
对ViewModel进行测试
我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewModel给视图传递数据,这部分也需要进行测试。修改测试用例,加入对ViewModel的测试代码:
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[TestMethod()] public void UserInfoTest() { var userService = new Mock<IUserService>(); userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny< string >())).Returns( new User() { Id = "x" }) ; var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object); Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => { var result = ctrl.UserInfo( null ); }); Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => { var result = ctrl.UserInfo( "" ); }); var result = ctrl.UserInfo( "1" ); Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof (ViewResult)); //对viewModel进行assert var vr = result as ViewResult; Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof (User)); var user = vr.Model as User; Assert.AreEqual( "x" , user.Id); } |
对ViewData进行测试
我们编写Action的时候还会涉及ViewData给视图传递数据,这部分同样需要测试。修改Action代码,对ViewData进行赋值:
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public IActionResult UserInfo( string userId) { if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(userId)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId)); } var user = _userService.Get(userId); ViewData[ "title" ] = "user_info" ; return View(user); } |
修改测试用例,加入对ViewData的测试代码:
- [TestMethod()]
- public void UserInfoTest()
- {
- var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
- userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User()
- {
- Id = "x"
- }) ;
- var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
- Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
- });
- Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
- });
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
- Assert.IsNotNull(result);
- Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));
- var vr = result as ViewResult;
- Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
- Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));
- var user = vr.Model as User;
- Assert.AreEqual("x", user.Id);
- //对viewData进行assert
- Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
- var title = vr.ViewData["title"];
- Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title);
- }
对ViewBag进行测试
因为ViewBag事实上是ViewData的dynamic类型的包装,所以Action代码不用改,可以直接对ViewBag进行测试:
- [TestMethod()]
- public void UserInfoTest()
- {
- var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
- userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User()
- {
- Id = "x"
- }) ;
- var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
- Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
- });
- Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
- });
- var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
- Assert.IsNotNull(result);
- Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));
- var vr = result as ViewResult;
- Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
- Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));
- var user = vr.Model as User;
- Assert.AreEqual("x", user.Id);
- Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
- var title = vr.ViewData["title"];
- Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title);
- //对viewBag进行assert
- string title1 = ctrl.ViewBag.title;
- Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title1);
- }
设置HttpContext
我们编写Action的时候很多时候需要调用基类里的HttpContext,比如获取Request对象,获取Path,获取Headers等等,所以有的时候需要自己实例化HttpContext以进行测试。
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var ctrl = new AccountController(); ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(); |
对HttpContext.SignInAsync进行mock
我们使用ASP.NET Core框架进行登录认证的时候,往往使用HttpContext.SignInAsync进行认证授权,所以单元测试的时候也需要进行mock。下面是一个典型的登录Action,对密码进行认证后调用SignInAsync在客户端生成登录凭证,否则跳到登录失败页面。
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public async Task<IActionResult> Login( string password) { if (password == "123" ) { var claims = new List<Claim> { new Claim( "UserName" , "x" ) }; var authProperties = new AuthenticationProperties { }; var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity( claims, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme); await HttpContext.SignInAsync( CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity), authProperties); return Redirect( "login_success" ); } return Redirect( "login_fail" ); } |
HttpContext.SignInAsync其实个时扩展方法,SignInAsync其实最终是调用了IAuthenticationService里的SignInAsync方法。所以我们需要mock的就是IAuthenticationService接口,否者代码走到HttpContext.SignInAsync会提示找不到IAuthenticationService的service。而IAuthenticationService本身是通过IServiceProvider注入到程序里的,所以同时需要mock接口IServiceProvider。
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[TestMethod()] public async Task LoginTest() { var ctrl = new AccountController(); var authenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticationService>(); var sp = new Mock<IServiceProvider>(); sp.Setup(s => s.GetService( typeof (IAuthenticationService))) .Returns(() => { return authenticationService.Object; }); ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices = sp.Object; var result = await ctrl.Login( "123" ); Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof (RedirectResult)); var rr = result as RedirectResult; Assert.AreEqual( "login_success" , rr.Url); result = await ctrl.Login( "1" ); Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof (RedirectResult)); rr = result as RedirectResult; Assert.AreEqual( "login_fail" , rr.Url); } |
对HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync进行mock
HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync同样比较常用。这个扩展方法同样是在IAuthenticationService里,所以测试代码跟上面的SignInAsync类似,只是需要对AuthenticateAsync继续mock返回值success or fail。
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public async Task<IActionResult> Login() { if ((await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync()).Succeeded) { return Redirect( "/home" ); } return Redirect( "/login" ); } |
测试用例:
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[TestMethod()] public async Task LoginTest1() { var authenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticationService>(); //设置AuthenticateAsync为success authenticationService.Setup(s => s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny<HttpContext>(), It.IsAny< string >())) .ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Success( new AuthenticationTicket( new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(), "" ))); var sp = new Mock<IServiceProvider>(); sp.Setup(s => s.GetService( typeof (IAuthenticationService))) .Returns(() => { return authenticationService.Object; }); var ctrl = new AccountController(); ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(); ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices = sp.Object; var act = await ctrl.Login(); Assert.IsNotNull(act); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof (RedirectResult)); var rd = act as RedirectResult; Assert.AreEqual( "/home" , rd.Url); //设置AuthenticateAsync为fail authenticationService.Setup(s => s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny<HttpContext>(), It.IsAny< string >())) .ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Fail( "" )); act = await ctrl.Login(); Assert.IsNotNull(act); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof (RedirectResult)); rd = act as RedirectResult; Assert.AreEqual( "/login" , rd.Url); } |
Filter进行测试
我们写Controller的时候往往需要配合很多Filter使用,所以Filter的测试也很重要。下面演示下如何对Fitler进行测试。
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public class MyFilter: ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context) { if (context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value.Contains( "/abc/" )) { context.Result = new ContentResult() { Content = "拒绝访问" }; } base .OnActionExecuting(context); } } |
对Filter的测试最主要的是模拟ActionExecutingContext参数,以及其中的HttpContext等,然后对预期进行Assert。
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[TestMethod()] public void OnActionExecutingTest() { var filter = new MyFilter(); var actContext = new ActionContext( new DefaultHttpContext(), new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor()); actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path = "/abc/123" ; var listFilters = new List<IFilterMetadata>(); var argDict = new Dictionary< string , object >(); var actExContext = new ActionExecutingContext( actContext , listFilters , argDict , new AccountController() ); filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext); Assert.IsNotNull(actExContext.Result); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(actExContext.Result, typeof (ContentResult)); var cr = actExContext.Result as ContentResult; Assert.AreEqual( "拒绝访问" , cr.Content); actContext = new ActionContext( new DefaultHttpContext(), new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor()); actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path = "/1/123" ; listFilters = new List<IFilterMetadata>(); argDict = new Dictionary< string , object >(); actExContext = new ActionExecutingContext( actContext, listFilters, argDict, new AccountController() ); filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext); Assert.IsNull(actExContext.Result); } |
总结
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/kklldog/p/unit-test-core-controller.html