Linux是一个强大的操作系统,这篇文章收集了6个你可能没有用过的Linux命令,但却相当的有用,供大家参考。
1. bc
这个Linux命令用于精度比较高的数学运算。如:开平方根等。下面利用bc命令写个脚本(文件名:sqrt)
#!/bin/bash
if [ $
then
echo 'Usage: sqrt number'
exit 1
else
echo -e "sqrt($1)\nquit\n" | bc -q -i
fi
接着,可使用这个脚本进行平方根运算:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 36
6
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 2.0000
1.4142
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 10.0000
3.1622
2. split
如果你的文件很大,却接到命令要把它分割成小文件,那么这个命令就派上用场了。
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# ls -l largefile.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 436774774 04-17 02:00 largefile.tar.gz
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# split -b 50m largefile.tar.gz LF_
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# ls -l LF_*
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ab
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ad
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ae
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_af
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ag
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ah
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 17344374 05-10 18:35 LF_ai
反而来,合并也只需要简单的合并就行,如:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# cat LF_* >largefile.tar.gz
3. pgrep
pgrep名字前有个p,可以猜想它可能和grep有关,确实这是进程相关的grep命令。不过,这个命令主要是用来列举进程ID的。如:
$ pgrep -u hchen
22441
22444
这个命令相当于:
ps -ef | egrep '^hchen' | awk '{print $2}'
4. nl
nl命令其它和cat命令很像,只不过它会打上行号。如下所示:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 include]# nl stdio.h | head -n 10
1 /* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.
2 Copyright (C) 1991,1994-2004,2005,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
5. ldd
这个命令,用来可执行文件所使用了动态链接库。如:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ldd /usr/bin/java
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00cd9000)
libgij.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgij.so.7rh (0x00ed3000)
libgcj.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgcj.so.7rh (0x00ed6000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libpthread.so.0 (0x00110000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/librt.so.1 (0x009c8000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x008b5000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00bee000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00aa7000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc.so.6 (0x0022f000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libm.so.6 (0x00127000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00214000)
6. col
这个命令,能将man文件转成纯文本文件。如下示例:
# PAGER=cat
# man less | col -b > less.txt