本文实例讲述了Python使用pylab库实现画线功能的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
pylab 提供了比较强大的画图功能,但是函数和参数都比较多,很容易搞混。我们平常使用最多的应该是画线了。下面,简单的对一些常用的划线函数进行了封装,方便使用。
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pylab import random class MiniPlotTool : ''' A mini tool to draw lines using pylab ''' basecolors = [ 'red' , 'green' , 'yellow' , 'blue' , 'black' , 'cyan' , 'magenta' ] def __init__( self , baseConfig) : self .figsize = baseConfig.get( 'figsize' , None ) self .axis = baseConfig.get( 'axis' , None ) self .title = baseConfig.get( 'title' , 'NoName' ) self .ylabel = baseConfig.get( 'ylabel' , 'NoName' ) self .grid = baseConfig.get( 'grid' , False ) self .xaxis_locator = baseConfig.get( 'xaxis_locator' , None ) self .yaxis_locator = baseConfig.get( 'yaxis_locator' , None ) self .legend_loc = baseConfig.get( 'legend_loc' , 0 ) if self .figsize ! = None : pylab.figure(figsize = self .figsize) if self .axis ! = None : pylab.axis( self .axis) pylab.title( self .title) pylab.ylabel( self .ylabel) ax = pylab.gca() pylab.grid( self .grid) if self .xaxis_locator ! = None : ax.xaxis.set_major_locator( pylab.MultipleLocator( self .xaxis_locator) ) if self .yaxis_locator ! = None : ax.yaxis.set_major_locator( pylab.MultipleLocator( self .yaxis_locator) ) self .lineList = [] self . id = 1 def addline( self , lineConf) : self .lineList.append(( self . id , lineConf)) self . id + = 1 return { 'id' : self . id - 1 } def removeline( self , lineId) : for i in range ( len ( self .lineList)) : id , conf = self .lineList[i] if id = = lineId : del self .lineList[i] break else : return { 'status' : - 1 } print len ( self .lineList) return { 'status' : 0 } def __parselineConf( self , lineConf) : X = lineConf[ 'X' ] Y = lineConf[ 'Y' ] marker = lineConf.get( 'marker' , None ) color = lineConf.get( 'color' , random.choice(MiniPlotTool.basecolors)) markerfacecolor = lineConf.get( 'markerfacecolor' ,color) label = lineConf.get( 'label' , 'NoName' ) linewidth = lineConf.get( 'linewidth' , 1 ) linestyle = lineConf.get( 'linestyle' , '-' ) return X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle def plotSingleLine( self , lineConf): X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle = self .__parselineConf(lineConf) pylab.plot(X, Y, marker = marker, color = color, markerfacecolor = markerfacecolor, label = label, linewidth = linewidth, linestyle = linestyle) pylab.legend(loc = self .legend_loc) def plot( self ) : colors = [MiniPlotTool.basecolors[i % len (MiniPlotTool.basecolors)] for i in range ( len ( self .lineList))] for i in range ( len ( self .lineList)) : id , conf = self .lineList[i] if conf.get( 'color' , None ) : conf[ 'color' ] = colors[i] X, Y, marker, color, markerfacecolor, label, linewidth, linestyle = self .__parselineConf(conf) pylab.plot(X, Y, marker = marker, color = color, markerfacecolor = markerfacecolor, label = label, linewidth = linewidth, linestyle = linestyle) pylab.legend(loc = self .legend_loc) def show( self ) : pylab.show() if __name__ = = '__main__' : #test baseConfig = { #'figsize' : (6,8), #'axis': [0,10,0,10], #'title' : 'hello title', #'ylabel' : 'hello ylabel', 'grid' : True , #'xaxis_locator' : 0.5, #'yaxis_locator' : 1, #'legend_loc' : 'upper right' } tool = MiniPlotTool(baseConfig) X = [ i for i in range ( 10 )] Y = [random.randint( 1 , 10 ) for i in range ( 10 )] Y2 = [random.randint( 1 , 10 ) for i in range ( 10 )] lineConf = { 'X' : X, 'Y' : Y #'marker' : 'x', #'color' : 'b', #'markerfacecolor' : 'r', #'label' : '222', #'linewidth' : 3, #'linestyle' : '--' } lineConf2 = { 'X' : X, 'Y' : Y2, 'marker' : 'o' , 'color' : 'b' , 'markerfacecolor' : 'r' , 'label' : '222' , 'linewidth' : 3 , 'linestyle' : '--' } #tool.plotSingleLine(lineConf) print tool.addline(lineConf) print tool.addline(lineConf2) #print tool.removeline(1) tool.plot() tool.show() |
运行效果图如下:
附:引用自:https://sites.google.com/site/guyingbo/matplotlib%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0
线属性:
颜色(color 简写为 c):
蓝色: 'b' (blue)
绿色: 'g' (green)
红色: 'r' (red)
蓝绿色(墨绿色): 'c' (cyan)
红紫色(洋红): 'm' (magenta)
黄色: 'y' (yellow)
黑色: 'k' (black)
白色: 'w' (white)
灰度表示: e.g. 0.75 ([0,1]内任意浮点数)
RGB表示法: e.g. '#2F4F4F' 或 (0.18, 0.31, 0.31)
任意合法的html中的颜色表示: e.g. 'red', 'darkslategray'
线型(linestyle 简写为 ls):
实线: '-'
虚线: '--'
虚点线: '-.'
点线: ':'
点: '.'
点型(标记marker):
像素: ','
圆形: 'o'
上三角: '^'
下三角: 'v'
左三角: '<'
右三角: '>'
方形: 's'
加号: '+'
叉形: 'x'
棱形: 'D'
细棱形: 'd'
三脚架朝下: '1'(就是丫)
三脚架朝上: '2'
三脚架朝左: '3'
三脚架朝右: '4'
六角形: 'h'
旋转六角形: 'H'
五角形: 'p'
垂直线: '|'
水平线: '_'
gnuplot 中的steps: 'steps' (只能用于kwarg中)
标记大小(markersize 简写为 ms):
markersize: 实数
标记边缘宽度(markeredgewidth 简写为 mew):
markeredgewidth:实数
标记边缘颜色(markeredgecolor 简写为 mec):
markeredgecolor:颜色选项中的任意值
标记表面颜色(markerfacecolor 简写为 mfc):
markerfacecolor:颜色选项中的任意值
透明度(alpha):
alpha: [0,1]之间的浮点数
线宽(linewidth):
linewidth: 实数
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。