本文实例讲述了Python实现的微信公众号群发图片与文本消息功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
在微信公众号开发中,使用api都要附加access_token内容。因此,首先需要获取access_token。如下:
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#获取微信access_token def get_token(): payload_access_token = { 'grant_type' : 'client_credential' , 'appid' : 'xxxxxxxxxxxxx' , 'secret' : 'xxxxxxxxxxxxx' } token_url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token' r = requests.get(token_url,params = payload_access_token) dict_result = (r.json()) return dict_result[ 'access_token' ] |
在群发图片时,需要提供已经上传图片的media_id。注意,群发图片的时候,必须使用接口:https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material。
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#获取上传文件的media_ID #群发图片的时候,必须使用该api提供的media_ID def get_media_ID(path): img_url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material' payload_img = { 'access_token' :get_token(), 'type' : 'image' } data = { 'media' : open (path, 'rb' )} r = requests.post(url = img_url,params = payload_img,files = data) dict = r.json() return dict [ 'media_id' ] |
订阅号进行群发,必须通过分组id,首先需要获取所有的用户分组情况。
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#查询所有用户分组信息 def get_group_id(): url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/groups/get" payload_id = { 'access_token' :get_token() } r = requests.get(url = url,params = payload_id) result = r.json() return result[ 'groups' ] |
需要选择一个分组进行群发,在这里我选择第一个有效的分组进行群发(即第一个分组用户数不为0的分组)。
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#返回第一个有效的group 分组id def get_first_group_id(): groups = get_group_id() group_id = 0 for group in groups: if (group[ 'count' ]! = 0 ): group_id = group[ 'id' ] break ; return group_id |
下面的代码用于群发文本消息,群发给第一个有效的分组:
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def send_txt_to_first_group( str = 'Hello World!' ): group_id = get_first_group_id() pay_send_all = { "filter" :{ "is_to_all" : False , "group_id" :group_id }, "text" :{ "content" : str }, "msgtype" : "text" } url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token=" + get_token() #需要指定json编码的时候不会对中文转码为unicode,否则群发的消息会显示为unicode码,不能正确显示 r = requests.post(url = url,data = json.dumps(pay_send_all,ensure_ascii = False ,indent = 2 )) #此处的必须指定此参数 result = r.json() #根据返回码的内容是否为0判断是否成功 return result[ 'errcode' ] = = 0 |
下面的代码用于群发图片,群发给第一个有效的分组。
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def send_img_to_first_group(path = '/home/fit/Desktop/test.jpg' ): group_id = get_first_group_id() pay_send_all = { "filter" :{ "is_to_all" : False , "group_id" :group_id }, "image" :{ "media_id" :get_media_ID(path) }, "msgtype" : "image" } url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token=" + get_token() r = requests.post(url = url,data = json.dumps(pay_send_all)) result = r.json() #根据返回码的内容是否为0判断是否成功 return result[ 'errcode' ] = = 0 |
以下是所有代码:
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests #首先获取access_token import json #获取微信access_token def get_token(): payload_access_token = { 'grant_type' : 'client_credential' , 'appid' : 'xxxxxxxxxx' , 'secret' : 'xxxxxxxxx' } token_url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token' r = requests.get(token_url,params = payload_access_token) dict_result = (r.json()) return dict_result[ 'access_token' ] #获取上传文件的media_ID #群发图片的时候,必须使用该api提供的media_ID def get_media_ID(path): img_url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material' payload_img = { 'access_token' :get_token(), 'type' : 'image' } data = { 'media' : open (path, 'rb' )} r = requests.post(url = img_url,params = payload_img,files = data) dict = r.json() return dict [ 'media_id' ] #查询所有用户分组信息 def get_group_id(): url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/groups/get" payload_id = { 'access_token' :get_token() } r = requests.get(url = url,params = payload_id) result = r.json() return result[ 'groups' ] #返回第一个有效的group 分组id def get_first_group_id(): groups = get_group_id() group_id = 0 for group in groups: if (group[ 'count' ]! = 0 ): group_id = group[ 'id' ] break ; return group_id def send_img_to_first_group(path = '/home/fit/Desktop/test.jpg' ): group_id = get_first_group_id() pay_send_all = { "filter" :{ "is_to_all" : False , "group_id" :group_id }, "image" :{ "media_id" :get_media_ID(path) }, "msgtype" : "image" } url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token=" + get_token() r = requests.post(url = url,data = json.dumps(pay_send_all)) result = r.json() print result #根据返回码的内容是否为0判断是否成功 return result[ 'errcode' ] = = 0 def send_txt_to_first_group( str = 'Hello World!' ): group_id = get_first_group_id() pay_send_all = { "filter" :{ "is_to_all" : False , "group_id" :group_id }, "text" :{ "content" : str }, "msgtype" : "text" } url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token=" + get_token() #需要指定json编码的时候不会对中文转码为unicode,否则群发的消息会显示为unicode码,不能正确显示 r = requests.post(url = url,data = json.dumps(pay_send_all,ensure_ascii = False ,indent = 2 )) #此处的必须指定此参数 result = r.json() #根据返回码的内容是否为0判断是否成功 return result[ 'errcode' ] = = 0 if (send_txt_to_first_group( "祝你合家欢乐,幸福美满!" )): print 'success!' else : print 'fail!' |
附录:在使用微信测试订阅号测试群发图片接口的时候,返回码如下:
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{u 'errcode' : 45028, u 'errmsg' : u 'has no masssend quota hint: [OKvFdA0813ge12]' } |
这是因为测试订阅号没有群发图文消息的权限,并不是因为接口调用有误。
PS:
作者的github: https://github.com/zhoudayang
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。