本文主要介绍了Python3 内置函数,分享给大家,具体如下:
内置函数
以下代码以Python3.6.1为例
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#coding=utf-8 # builtin_function.py 内置函数 import os def fun(): all ([ True , False ]) # 迭代器(为空or)所有元素为true,返回true => False any ([ True , False ]) # 迭代器任意一个元素为true,返回true => True num = abs ( - 1.23 ) # 绝对值 num = pow ( 5 , 3 ) # 幂次方 x**y =>125 num = pow ( 5 , 3 , 3 ) # 幂次方再取余 (x**y) % z => 2 num = round ( 1.23 ) # 返回浮点数近似值,默认保留0位,且四舍五入 num = round ( 1.23 , 5 ) # 5为保留小数点后位数 num = sum ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]) # 对列表数字求和 strs = ascii(os) # 返回对象的ascii字符串形式 strs = bin ( 123 ) # 整数转为二进制字符串(若被转对象非int类型可在__index__里定义) boolean = bool ( 0 ) # 获取真假(假:None / False / 任何类型的0 / 空""()[]{} / __bool__返回False / __len__返回0) bytes = bytearray( "You were, are and will be in my heart!" , "utf-8" ) # 字符串(字符串,编码):按编码转为字节序列 / 数字(数字):生成相应大小的空数组 / 无参():0数组 bytes = bytes( "You were, are and will be in my heart!" , "utf-8" ) # 同bytearray(),但是不可变 strs = chr ( 123 ) # 整数(Unicode)转为char类型(范围[0, 1 114 111]) num = ord ( "{" ) # char类型转为整数(Unicode) num = complex ( "1+2j" ) # 将字符串或数字转为复数(不能含有空格) num = float ( '1.1' ) # 构建浮点数 strs = format ( 123 , 'f' ) # 格式化(类型:x,b,f... / 位移:>(>10),<,^ / 长度:5 / E) strs = hex ( 123 ) # 将整数转为16进制字符串 strs = oct ( 123 ) # 十进制转成8进制字符串 num = int ( 123.1 ) # 转为整数 strs = str ( 123 ) # 将对象转为字符串 strs = str (b "123" , "utf-8" ) elem = max ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], [ 2 , 4 , 6 ]) # 可接收1个iterable,或多个元素 => [2, 4, 6] elem = max ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) # => 4 elem = max ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 ], key = lambda x : x = = 2 ) # => 2 elem = min ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) # 与max相反 exe = compile ( "print('O_O')" , filename = 'strs' , mode = 'exec' ) # 编译为代码, mode(编译模式:可执行语句'exec',单个语句'eval',交互式语句'single') exec (exe) # 执行已编译代码 exec ( "print('O_O')" ) # 执行String未编译代码 eval ( compile ( "print('O_O')" , filename = 'strs' , mode = 'eval' )) # 不接受字符串类型 delattr (Clazz( "Hello!" ), "name" ) # 删除某对象属性 = del clazz.name 详情见 类 文章的 反射 代码块 setattr (Clazz( "Hello!" ), "name" , "World!" ) # 给对象某属性赋值 strs = getattr (Clazz( "Hello!" ), "name" ) # 获取某个对象的属性值 strs = getattr (Clazz( "Hello!" ), "name" , - 1 ) # -1为未找到属性的返回 boolean = hasattr (Clazz( "Hello!" ), "name" ) # 该对象是否有该属性 lists = dir (Clazz( "Hello!" )) # 查看函数 clazz = type (os) # 获取类型 dicts = globals () # 获取当前全局函数与对象 dicts = locals () # 获取当前局部函数与对象 dicts = vars () # 同locals() (__dict__) dicts = vars (Clazz( "Hello!" )) num = hash (Clazz( "Hello!" )) # 获取某对象的hash值 help (os) # 获取某对象的帮助文档 num = id (os) # 获取某对象的id boolean = isinstance (Clazz( "Hello!" ), Clazz) # 对象是否是该类的实例 boolean = issubclass (Clazz, Clazz) # 该类(前)是否是该类(后)的子类(包括自己) strs = repr (os) # 将对象转为字符串表达形式 # - super() # 代理父类对象,详情见 类 # - memoryview(obj) # 内存视图,详解 数据结构 dics = dict () # 创建字典 tups = divmod ( 10 , 5 ) # 返回元组,(商(10/5),余数(10%5)) lists = enumerate ([ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' ]) # 返回枚举对象 lists = filter ( lambda x: True if ( ord (x) > 66 ) else False , [ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' ]) # function为Frue保留,False移除 sets = frozenset ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 返回新的frozenset对象(集合) num = len ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 长度 lists = list (( 1 , 'a' )) # 转为list类型 tups = tuple ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 转为tuple元组类型 ran = range ( 5 ) # 不可变序列 ran = range ( 0 , 5 ) ran = range ( 0 , 5 , 2 ) # (起始,结束,增加量) sets = set ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 返回set集合 maps = map ( lambda x, y: x * y, [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]) # 返回一个迭代器,元素通过自定义函数筛选,可接收多个iterable参数 => [65, 132, 201] iters = zip ([ "A" , "B" , "C" , "D" , "E" , "F" ], [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 创建新的迭代器, 聚合每个迭代器元素 => [('A', 1), ('B', 2), ('C', 3)] iters = iter ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]) # 返回一个迭代器对象 elem = next (iters) # 从迭代器中获取下个元素; 实现原理见 内置函数 文章 lis 块代码 iters = reversed ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # 返回反向的遍历器 => [3, 2, 1] lists = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ][ slice ( 3 )] # 切片 => [1, 2, 3] lists = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ][ slice ( 1 , 3 )] # [slice(3) == slice(None, 3, None) / slice(1,3) == slice(1, 3, None) / slice(1,3,1) == slice(1, 3, 1) lists = sorted ([ 2 , 5 , 3 , 1 , 4 ]) # 排序 => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] lists = sorted ([ 'a' , 'B' , ';' , 't' , 'D' , '1' ], key = lambda x : ord (x), reverse = True ) # key:比较键的函数, reverse是否反向遍历 strs = input ( "请输入数据:" ) # 输入数据 f = open ( "temp.txt" , "r+" ) # 打开文件,详情见os文章 print ( "字符串%d" % 123 ) # 打印字符 => 字符串123 print ( "字" , "符" , "串" , sep = "-" ) # sep为分隔 => 字-符-串 print ( "字" , "符" , "串" , sep = "-" , end = "\r\n" ) # end为尾部 => 字-符-串/r/n print ( "字" , "符" , "串" , sep = "-" , end = "\r\n" , file = open ( "temp.txt" , "w+" )) # 打印到文件 class Clazz: def __init__( self , name): self .name = name; @classmethod # 将函数包装成类方法 def setName_cls( cls , name): pass @staticmethod # 将函数包装成静态方法 def setName_sta(name): pass def getname( self ): return self .name def setname( self , value): self .name = value def delname( self ): del self .name # property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None) # 返回一个property 属性 # property 为属性方法, 有两种实现方式,详情见 类 文章的 属性方法代码块 x = property (getname, setname, delname) if __name__ = = "__main__" : fun() # property 的使用 c = Clazz( "柳岩" ) print (c.x) # => 柳岩 c.x = '汤唯' print (c.getname()) # => 汤唯 del c.x |
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原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/Rozol/article/details/70603230