运维监控系统之Prometheus Server安装

简介

Prometheus是Golang写的，编译后就是一个二进制文件，不依赖于第三方运行库。这样子就可以让我们很方便的部署。

下载安装

Golang的交叉编译，可以很容易实现跨平台。

如果是测试实验可以在下载windows版本的就可以了。

我这边都是Linux环境，直接下载Linux版本

wget -c https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.23.0/prometheus-2.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar zxvf prometheus-2.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

运行

解压后，就可以执行二进制文件prometheus

./prometheus

默认配置文件是当前目录下的prometheus.yml

默认配置文件里面只有拉取prometheus自己的指标。

帮助

./prometheus --help

prometheus 提供了很多参数可以进行配置，根据实际情况进行设置即可。

usage: prometheus [<flags>]

The Prometheus monitoring server

Flags:

  -h, --help                     Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and --help-man).

      --version                  Show application version.

      --config.file="prometheus.yml"

                                 Prometheus configuration file path.

      --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090"

                                 Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry.

      --web.read-timeout=5m      Maximum duration before timing out read of the request, and closing idle connections.

      --web.max-connections=512  Maximum number of simultaneous connections.

      --web.external-url=<URL>   The URL under which Prometheus is externally reachable (for example, if Prometheus is served via a reverse proxy). Used for generating relative and absolute links back to

                                 Prometheus itself. If the URL has a path portion, it will be used to prefix all HTTP endpoints served by Prometheus. If omitted, relevant URL components will be derived

                                 automatically.

      --web.route-prefix=<path>  Prefix for the internal routes of web endpoints. Defaults to path of --web.external-url.

      --web.user-assets=<path>   Path to static asset directory, available at /user.

      --web.enable-lifecycle     Enable shutdown and reload via HTTP request.

      --web.enable-admin-api     Enable API endpoints for admin control actions.

      --web.console.templates="consoles"

                                 Path to the console template directory, available at /consoles.

      --web.console.libraries="console_libraries"

                                 Path to the console library directory.

      --web.page-title="Prometheus Time Series Collection and Processing Server"

                                 Document title of Prometheus instance.

      --web.cors.origin=".*"     Regex for CORS origin. It is fully anchored. Example: 'https?://(domain1|domain2)\.com'

      --storage.tsdb.path="data/"

                                 Base path for metrics storage.

      --storage.tsdb.retention=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION

                                 [DEPRECATED] How long to retain samples in storage. This flag has been deprecated, use "storage.tsdb.retention.time" instead.

      --storage.tsdb.retention.time=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION.TIME

                                 How long to retain samples in storage. When this flag is set it overrides "storage.tsdb.retention". If neither this flag nor "storage.tsdb.retention" nor

                                 "storage.tsdb.retention.size" is set, the retention time defaults to 15d. Units Supported: y, w, d, h, m, s, ms.

      --storage.tsdb.retention.size=STORAGE.TSDB.RETENTION.SIZE

                                 [EXPERIMENTAL] Maximum number of bytes that can be stored for blocks. A unit is required, supported units: B, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB. Ex: "512MB". This flag is experimental and

                                 can be changed in future releases.

      --storage.tsdb.no-lockfile

                                 Do not create lockfile in data directory.

      --storage.tsdb.allow-overlapping-blocks

                                 [EXPERIMENTAL] Allow overlapping blocks, which in turn enables vertical compaction and vertical query merge.

      --storage.tsdb.wal-compression

                                 Compress the tsdb WAL.

      --storage.remote.flush-deadline=<duration>

                                 How long to wait flushing sample on shutdown or config reload.

      --storage.remote.read-sample-limit=5e7

                                 Maximum overall number of samples to return via the remote read interface, in a single query. 0 means no limit. This limit is ignored for streamed response types.

      --storage.remote.read-concurrent-limit=10

                                 Maximum number of concurrent remote read calls. 0 means no limit.

      --storage.remote.read-max-bytes-in-frame=1048576

                                 Maximum number of bytes in a single frame for streaming remote read response types before marshalling. Note that client might have limit on frame size as well. 1MB as

                                 recommended by protobuf by default.

      --rules.alert.for-outage-tolerance=1h

                                 Max time to tolerate prometheus outage for restoring "for" state of alert.

      --rules.alert.for-grace-period=10m

                                 Minimum duration between alert and restored "for" state. This is maintained only for alerts with configured "for" time greater than grace period.

      --rules.alert.resend-delay=1m

                                 Minimum amount of time to wait before resending an alert to Alertmanager.

      --alertmanager.notification-queue-capacity=10000

                                 The capacity of the queue for pending Alertmanager notifications.

      --alertmanager.timeout=10s

                                 Timeout for sending alerts to Alertmanager.

      --query.lookback-delta=5m  The maximum lookback duration for retrieving metrics during expression evaluations and federation.

      --query.timeout=2m         Maximum time a query may take before being aborted.

      --query.max-concurrency=20

                                 Maximum number of queries executed concurrently.

      --query.max-samples=50000000

                                 Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the

                                 number of samples a query can return.

      --log.level=info           Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error]

      --log.format=logfmt        Output format of log messages. One of: [logfmt, json]

注册成服务

目前linux大部分的发行版本都是使用systemd管理系统服务了，我们可以直接编辑一个systemd的service文件，来部署prometheus服务。

vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

如果没有设置--storage.tsdb.path，记得设置好工作目录WorkingDirectory，不然所有数据都会保存到家目录里面。

[Unit]

Description=prometheus

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=simple

WorkingDirectory=/opt/prometheus/prometheus

ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml"

LimitNOFILE=65536

PrivateTmp=true

RestartSec=2

StartLimitInterval=0

Restart=always

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target