使用Tensorflow进行深度学习训练的时候,需要对训练好的网络模型和各种参数进行保存,以便在此基础上继续训练或者使用。介绍这方面的博客有很多,我发现写的最好的是这一篇官方英文介绍:
http://cv-tricks.com/tensorflow-tutorial/save-restore-tensorflow-models-quick-complete-tutorial/
我对这篇文章进行了整理和汇总。
首先是模型的保存。直接上代码:
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#!/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- ############################ #File Name: tut1_save.py #Author: Wang #Mail: wang19920419@hotmail.com #Created Time:2017-08-30 11:04:25 ############################ import tensorflow as tf # prepare to feed input, i.e. feed_dict and placeholders w1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [ 2 ]), name = 'w1' ) # name is very important in restoration w2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape = [ 2 ]), name = 'w2' ) b1 = tf.Variable( 2.0 , name = 'bias1' ) feed_dict = {w1:[ 10 , 3 ], w2:[ 5 , 5 ]} # define a test operation that will be restored w3 = tf.add(w1, w2) # without name, w3 will not be stored w4 = tf.multiply(w3, b1, name = "op_to_restore" ) #saver = tf.train.Saver() saver = tf.train.Saver(max_to_keep = 4 , keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours = 1 ) sess = tf.Session() sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer()) print sess.run(w4, feed_dict) #saver.save(sess, 'my_test_model', global_step = 100) saver.save(sess, 'my_test_model' ) #saver.save(sess, 'my_test_model', global_step = 100, write_meta_graph = False) |
需要说明的有以下几点:
1. 创建saver的时候可以指明要存储的tensor,如果不指明,就会全部存下来。在这里也可以指明最大存储数量和checkpoint的记录时间。具体细节看英文博客。
2. saver.save()函数里面可以设定global_step和write_meta_graph,meta存储的是网络结构,只在开始运行程序的时候存储一次即可,后续可以通过设置write_meta_graph = False加以限制。
3. 这个程序执行结束后,会在程序目录下生成四个文件,分别是.meta(存储网络结构)、.data和.index(存储训练好的参数)、checkpoint(记录最新的模型)。
下面是如何加载已经保存的网络模型。这里有两种方法,第一种是saver.restore(sess, 'aaaa.ckpt'),这种方法的本质是读取全部参数,并加载到已经定义好的网络结构上,因此相当于给网络的weights和biases赋值并执行tf.global_variables_initializer()。这种方法的缺点是使用前必须重写网络结构,而且网络结构要和保存的参数完全对上。第二种就比较高端了,直接把网络结构加载进来(.meta),上代码:
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#!/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- ############################ #File Name: tut2_import.py #Author: Wang #Mail: wang19920419@hotmail.com #Created Time:2017-08-30 14:16:38 ############################ import tensorflow as tf sess = tf.Session() new_saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph( 'my_test_model.meta' ) new_saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint( './' )) print sess.run( 'w1:0' ) |
使用加载的模型,输入新数据,计算输出,还是直接上代码:
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#!/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- ############################ #File Name: tut3_reuse.py #Author: Wang #Mail: wang19920419@hotmail.com #Created Time:2017-08-30 14:33:35 ############################ import tensorflow as tf sess = tf.Session() # First, load meta graph and restore weights saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph( 'my_test_model.meta' ) saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint( './' )) # Second, access and create placeholders variables and create feed_dict to feed new data graph = tf.get_default_graph() w1 = graph.get_tensor_by_name( 'w1:0' ) w2 = graph.get_tensor_by_name( 'w2:0' ) feed_dict = {w1:[ - 1 , 1 ], w2:[ 4 , 6 ]} # Access the op that want to run op_to_restore = graph.get_tensor_by_name( 'op_to_restore:0' ) print sess.run(op_to_restore, feed_dict) # ouotput: [6. 14.] |
在已经加载的网络后继续加入新的网络层:
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import tensorflow as tf sess = tf.Session() #First let's load meta graph and restore weights saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph( 'my_test_model-1000.meta' ) saver.restore(sess,tf.train.latest_checkpoint( './' )) # Now, let's access and create placeholders variables and # create feed-dict to feed new data graph = tf.get_default_graph() w1 = graph.get_tensor_by_name( "w1:0" ) w2 = graph.get_tensor_by_name( "w2:0" ) feed_dict = {w1: 13.0 ,w2: 17.0 } #Now, access the op that you want to run. op_to_restore = graph.get_tensor_by_name( "op_to_restore:0" ) #Add more to the current graph add_on_op = tf.multiply(op_to_restore, 2 ) print sess.run(add_on_op,feed_dict) #This will print 120. |
对加载的网络进行局部修改和处理(这个最麻烦,我还没搞太明白,后续会继续补充):
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...... ...... saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph( 'vgg.meta' ) # Access the graph graph = tf.get_default_graph() ## Prepare the feed_dict for feeding data for fine-tuning #Access the appropriate output for fine-tuning fc7 = graph.get_tensor_by_name( 'fc7:0' ) #use this if you only want to change gradients of the last layer fc7 = tf.stop_gradient(fc7) # It's an identity function fc7_shape = fc7.get_shape().as_list() new_outputs = 2 weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([fc7_shape[ 3 ], num_outputs], stddev = 0.05 )) biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.05 , shape = [num_outputs])) output = tf.matmul(fc7, weights) + biases pred = tf.nn.softmax(output) # Now, you run this with fine-tuning data in sess.run() |
有了这样的方法,无论是自行训练、加载模型继续训练、使用经典模型还是finetune经典模型抑或是加载网络跑前项,效果都是杠杠的。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/LordofRobots/article/details/77719020