本文实例讲述了Python实现的三层BP神经网络算法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
这是一个非常漂亮的三层反向传播神经网络的python实现,下一步我准备试着将其修改为多层BP神经网络。
下面是运行演示函数的截图,你会发现预测的结果很惊人!
提示:运行演示函数的时候,可以尝试改变隐藏层的节点数,看节点数增加了,预测的精度会否提升
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import math import random import string random.seed( 0 ) # 生成区间[a, b)内的随机数 def rand(a, b): return (b - a) * random.random() + a # 生成大小 I*J 的矩阵,默认零矩阵 (当然,亦可用 NumPy 提速) def makeMatrix(I, J, fill = 0.0 ): m = [] for i in range (I): m.append([fill] * J) return m # 函数 sigmoid,这里采用 tanh,因为看起来要比标准的 1/(1+e^-x) 漂亮些 def sigmoid(x): return math.tanh(x) # 函数 sigmoid 的派生函数, 为了得到输出 (即:y) def dsigmoid(y): return 1.0 - y * * 2 class NN: ''' 三层反向传播神经网络 ''' def __init__( self , ni, nh, no): # 输入层、隐藏层、输出层的节点(数) self .ni = ni + 1 # 增加一个偏差节点 self .nh = nh self .no = no # 激活神经网络的所有节点(向量) self .ai = [ 1.0 ] * self .ni self .ah = [ 1.0 ] * self .nh self .ao = [ 1.0 ] * self .no # 建立权重(矩阵) self .wi = makeMatrix( self .ni, self .nh) self .wo = makeMatrix( self .nh, self .no) # 设为随机值 for i in range ( self .ni): for j in range ( self .nh): self .wi[i][j] = rand( - 0.2 , 0.2 ) for j in range ( self .nh): for k in range ( self .no): self .wo[j][k] = rand( - 2.0 , 2.0 ) # 最后建立动量因子(矩阵) self .ci = makeMatrix( self .ni, self .nh) self .co = makeMatrix( self .nh, self .no) def update( self , inputs): if len (inputs) ! = self .ni - 1 : raise ValueError( '与输入层节点数不符!' ) # 激活输入层 for i in range ( self .ni - 1 ): #self.ai[i] = sigmoid(inputs[i]) self .ai[i] = inputs[i] # 激活隐藏层 for j in range ( self .nh): sum = 0.0 for i in range ( self .ni): sum = sum + self .ai[i] * self .wi[i][j] self .ah[j] = sigmoid( sum ) # 激活输出层 for k in range ( self .no): sum = 0.0 for j in range ( self .nh): sum = sum + self .ah[j] * self .wo[j][k] self .ao[k] = sigmoid( sum ) return self .ao[:] def backPropagate( self , targets, N, M): ''' 反向传播 ''' if len (targets) ! = self .no: raise ValueError( '与输出层节点数不符!' ) # 计算输出层的误差 output_deltas = [ 0.0 ] * self .no for k in range ( self .no): error = targets[k] - self .ao[k] output_deltas[k] = dsigmoid( self .ao[k]) * error # 计算隐藏层的误差 hidden_deltas = [ 0.0 ] * self .nh for j in range ( self .nh): error = 0.0 for k in range ( self .no): error = error + output_deltas[k] * self .wo[j][k] hidden_deltas[j] = dsigmoid( self .ah[j]) * error # 更新输出层权重 for j in range ( self .nh): for k in range ( self .no): change = output_deltas[k] * self .ah[j] self .wo[j][k] = self .wo[j][k] + N * change + M * self .co[j][k] self .co[j][k] = change #print(N*change, M*self.co[j][k]) # 更新输入层权重 for i in range ( self .ni): for j in range ( self .nh): change = hidden_deltas[j] * self .ai[i] self .wi[i][j] = self .wi[i][j] + N * change + M * self .ci[i][j] self .ci[i][j] = change # 计算误差 error = 0.0 for k in range ( len (targets)): error = error + 0.5 * (targets[k] - self .ao[k]) * * 2 return error def test( self , patterns): for p in patterns: print (p[ 0 ], '->' , self .update(p[ 0 ])) def weights( self ): print ( '输入层权重:' ) for i in range ( self .ni): print ( self .wi[i]) print () print ( '输出层权重:' ) for j in range ( self .nh): print ( self .wo[j]) def train( self , patterns, iterations = 1000 , N = 0.5 , M = 0.1 ): # N: 学习速率(learning rate) # M: 动量因子(momentum factor) for i in range (iterations): error = 0.0 for p in patterns: inputs = p[ 0 ] targets = p[ 1 ] self .update(inputs) error = error + self .backPropagate(targets, N, M) if i % 100 = = 0 : print ( '误差 %-.5f' % error) def demo(): # 一个演示:教神经网络学习逻辑异或(XOR)------------可以换成你自己的数据试试 pat = [ [[ 0 , 0 ], [ 0 ]], [[ 0 , 1 ], [ 1 ]], [[ 1 , 0 ], [ 1 ]], [[ 1 , 1 ], [ 0 ]] ] # 创建一个神经网络:输入层有两个节点、隐藏层有两个节点、输出层有一个节点 n = NN( 2 , 2 , 1 ) # 用一些模式训练它 n.train(pat) # 测试训练的成果(不要吃惊哦) n.test(pat) # 看看训练好的权重(当然可以考虑把训练好的权重持久化) #n.weights() if __name__ = = '__main__' : demo() |
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/4304628.html