大家可以在github上clone全部源码。
github：https://github.com/williamzxl/scrapy_crawlmeizitu
scrapy官方文档：http://scrapy-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_cn/latest/index.html
基本上按照文档的流程走一遍就基本会用了。
step1：
在开始爬取之前，必须创建一个新的scrapy项目。 进入打算存储代码的目录中，运行下列命令:
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scrapy startproject crawlmeizitu |
该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:
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crawlmeizitu/ scrapy.cfg crawlmeizitu/ __init__.py items.py pipelines.py settings.py middlewares.py spiders/ __init__.py ...cd crawlmeizituscrapy genspider meizitu http://www.meizitu.com/a/list_1_1.html |
该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:
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crawlmeizitu/ scrapy.cfg crawlmeizitu/ __init__.py items.py pipelines.py settings.py middlewares.py spiders/ meizitu.py __init__.py ... |
我们主要编辑的就如下图箭头所示：
main.py是后来加上的，加了两条命令，
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from scrapy import cmdlinecmdline.execute("scrapy crawl meizitu".split()) |
主要为了方便运行。
step2：编辑settings,如下图所示
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bot_name = 'crawlmeizitu'spider_modules = ['crawlmeizitu.spiders']newspider_module = 'crawlmeizitu.spiders'item_pipelines = {'crawlmeizitu.pipelines.crawlmeizitupipeline': 300,}images_store = 'd://pic2'download_delay = 0.3user_agent = 'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/58.0.3029.110 safari/537.36'robotstxt_obey = true |
主要设置user_agent,下载路径，下载延迟时间
step3:编辑items.
items主要用来存取通过spider程序抓取的信息。由于我们爬取妹子图，所以要抓取每张图片的名字，图片的连接，标签等等
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# define here the models for your scraped items## see documentation in:# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass crawlmeizituitem(scrapy.item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.field() #title为文件夹名字 title = scrapy.field() url = scrapy.field() tags = scrapy.field() #图片的连接 src = scrapy.field() #alt为图片名字 alt = scrapy.field() |
step4:编辑pipelines
pipelines主要对items里面获取的信息进行处理。比如说根据title创建文件夹或者图片的名字，根据图片链接下载图片。
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import osimport requestsfrom crawlmeizitu.settings import images_storeclass crawlmeizitupipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): fold_name = "".join(item['title']) header = { 'user-agent': 'user-agent:mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/58.0.3029.110 safari/537.36', 'cookie': 'b963ef2d97e050aaf90fd5fab8e78633', #需要查看图片的cookie信息，否则下载的图片无法查看 } images = [] # 所有图片放在一个文件夹下 dir_path = '{}'.format(images_store) if not os.path.exists(dir_path) and len(item['src']) != 0: os.mkdir(dir_path) if len(item['src']) == 0: with open('..//check.txt', 'a+') as fp: fp.write("".join(item['title']) + ":" + "".join(item['url'])) fp.write("\n") for jpg_url, name, num in zip(item['src'], item['alt'],range(0,100)): file_name = name + str(num) file_path = '{}//{}'.format(dir_path, file_name) images.append(file_path) if os.path.exists(file_path) or os.path.exists(file_name): continue with open('{}//{}.jpg'.format(dir_path, file_name), 'wb') as f: req = requests.get(jpg_url, headers=header) f.write(req.content) return item |
step5:编辑meizitu的主程序。
最重要的主程序：
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom crawlmeizitu.items import crawlmeizituitem#from crawlmeizitu.items import crawlmeizituitempageimport timeclass meizituspider(scrapy.spider): name = "meizitu" #allowed_domains = ["meizitu.com/"] start_urls = [] last_url = [] with open('..//url.txt', 'r') as fp: crawl_urls = fp.readlines() for start_url in crawl_urls: last_url.append(start_url.strip('\n')) start_urls.append("".join(last_url[-1])) def parse(self, response): selector = scrapy.selector(response) #item = crawlmeizituitempage() next_pages = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract() next_pages_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract() all_urls = [] if '下一页' in next_pages_text: next_url = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_pages[-2]) with open('..//url.txt', 'a+') as fp: fp.write('\n') fp.write(next_url) fp.write("\n") request = scrapy.http.request(next_url, callback=self.parse) time.sleep(2) yield request all_info = selector.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a') #读取每个图片夹的连接 for info in all_info: links = info.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a/@href').extract() for link in links: request = scrapy.http.request(link, callback=self.parse_item) time.sleep(1) yield request # next_link = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract() # next_link_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract() # if '下一页' in next_link_text: # nextpage = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_link[-2]) # item['page_url'] = nextpage # yield item #抓取每个文件夹的信息 def parse_item(self, response): item = crawlmeizituitem() selector = scrapy.selector(response) image_title = selector.xpath('//h2/a/text()').extract() image_url = selector.xpath('//h2/a/@href').extract() image_tags = selector.xpath('//div[@class="metaright"]/p/text()').extract() if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract(): image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract() else: image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@src').extract() if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract(): pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract() else: pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt').extract() #//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt item['title'] = image_title item['url'] = image_url item['tags'] = image_tags item['src'] = image_src item['alt'] = pic_name print(item) time.sleep(1) yield item |
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python使用scrapy爬虫框架全站爬取图片并保存本地的实现代码，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家啊有任何疑问欢迎给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的！
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/william126/p/6923017.html
