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Django自定义用户认证示例详解

时间：2021-01-22 00:14     来源/作者：我的胡子有点扎

前言

Django附带的认证对于大多数常见情况来说已经足够了,但是如何在 Django 中使用自定义的数据表进行用户认证，有一种较为笨蛋的办法就是自定义好数据表后，使用OnetoOne来跟 Django 的表进行关联，类似于这样：

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from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserProfile(models.Model):
 """
 用户账号表
 """
 user = models.OneToOneField(User)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
 def __str__(self):
  return self.name
 class Meta:
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = "用户账号"
  ordering = ['id']

这样做虽然可以简单、快速的实现，但是有一个问题就是我们在自己的表中创建一个用户就必须再跟 admin 中的一个用户进行关联，这简直是不可以忍受的。

admin代替默认User model

写我们自定义的 models 类来创建用户数据表来代替默认的User model，而不与django admin的进行关联，相关的官方文档在这里

戳我

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from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
 BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager):
 def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
  """
  用户创建，需要提供 email、name、password
  """
  if not email:
   raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
  user = self.model(
   email=self.normalize_email(email),
   name=name,
  )
  user.set_password(password)
  user.save(using=self._db)
  return user
 def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
  """
  超级用户创建，需要提供 email、name、password
  """
  user = self.create_user(
   email,
   password=password,
   name=name,
  )
  user.is_admin = True
  user.is_active = True
  user.save(using=self._db)
  return user
class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
 # 在此处可以配置更多的自定义字段
 email = models.EmailField(
  verbose_name='email address',
  max_length=255,
  unique=True,
 )
 name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="用户名称")
 phone = models.IntegerField("电话")
 is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
 is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
 objects = UserProfileManager()
 USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' # 将email 作为登入用户名
 REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'phone']
 def __str__(self):
  return self.email
 def get_full_name(self):
  # The user is identified by their email address
  return self.email
 def get_short_name(self):
  # The user is identified by their email address
  return self.email
 def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
  "Does the user have a specific permission?"
  # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
  return True
 def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
  "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
  # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
  return True
 @property
 def is_staff(self):
  "Is the user a member of staff?"
  # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
  return self.is_admin

admin 配置

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class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
 """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
 fields, plus a repeated password."""
 password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
 password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
 
 class Meta:
  model = models.UserProfile
  fields = ('email', 'name')
 
 def clean_password2(self):
  password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
  password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
  if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
   raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
  return password2
 
 def save(self, commit=True):
  user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
  user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
  if commit:
   user.save()
  return user
 
 
class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
 """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
 the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
 password hash display field.
 """
 password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
 class Meta:
  model = models.UserProfile
  fields = ('email', 'password', 'name', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
 def clean_password(self):
  return self.initial["password"]
class UserProfileAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
 form = UserChangeForm
 add_form = UserCreationForm
 list_display = ('email', 'name', 'is_admin', 'is_staff')
 list_filter = ('is_admin',)
 fieldsets = (
  (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
  ('Personal info', {'fields': ('name',)}),
  ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin', 'is_active', 'roles', 'user_permissions', 'groups')}),
 )
 add_fieldsets = (
  (None, {
   'classes': ('wide',),
   'fields': ('email', 'name', 'password1', 'password2')}
   ),
 )
 search_fields = ('email',)
 ordering = ('email',)
 filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions','roles')

2.Django允许您通过AUTH_USER_MODEL配置来引用自定义的model设置来覆盖默认User模型，这个配置的配置方法为在 settings 中加入：AUTH_USER_MODEL = "APP.model_class" ，例如本例中我们需要在 setting 中加入以下配置:

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AUTH_USER_MODEL = "app1.UserProfile"

3.部署

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python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

创建一个新用户,此时我们就可以用这个用户来登录 admin 后台了

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python manage.py createsuperuser

效果如下：

Django自定义用户认证示例详解

自定义认证

那如果我们需要使用我们自己的认证系统呢，假如我们有一个 login 页面和一个 home 页面：

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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
from app1 import models
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 
def auth_required(auth_type):
 # 认证装饰器
 def wapper(func):
  def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
   if auth_type == 'admin':
    ck = request.COOKIES.get("login") # 获取当前登录的用户
    if request.user.is_authenticated() and ck:
     return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
    else:
     return redirect("/app1/login/")
  return inner
 return wapper
 
def login_auth(request):
 # 认证
 if request.method == "GET":
  return render(request, 'login.html')
 
 elif request.method == "POST":
  username = request.POST.get('username', None)
  password = request.POST.get('password', None)
  user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
  if user is not None:
   if user.is_active:
    login(request, user)
    _next = request.GET.get("next",'/crm')
    return redirect('_next')
   else:
    return redirect('/app1/login/')
  else:
   return redirect('/app1/login/')
 else:
  pass
def my_logout(request):
 # 注销
 if request.method == 'GET':
  logout(request)
  return redirect('/app1/login/')
 
@login_required
def home(request):
 # home page
 path1, path2 = "Home", '主页'
 if request.method == "GET":
  return render(request, 'home.html', locals())
 elif request.method == "POST":
  pass

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/forsaken627/p/8523371.html

标签：
自定义 django 用户认证 

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