在用户注册中最常见的安全验证之一就是邮箱验证。根据行业的一般做法,进行邮箱验证是避免潜在的安全隐患一种非常重要的做法,现在就让我们来讨论一下这些最佳实践,来看看如何在PHP中创建一个邮箱验证。
让我们先从一个注册表单开始:
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< form method = "post" action = "http://mydomain.com/registration/" > < fieldset class = "form-group" > < label for = "fname" >First Name:</ label > < input type = "text" name = "fname" class = "form-control" required /> </ fieldset > < fieldset class = "form-group" > < label for = "lname" >Last Name:</ label > < input type = "text" name = "lname" class = "form-control" required /> </ fieldset > < fieldset class = "form-group" > < label for = "email" >Last name:</ label > < input type = "email" name = "email" class = "form-control" required /> </ fieldset > < fieldset class = "form-group" > < label for = "password" >Password:</ label > < input type = "password" name = "password" class = "form-control" required /> </ fieldset > < fieldset class = "form-group" > < label for = "cpassword" >Confirm Password:</ label > < input type = "password" name = "cpassword" class = "form-control" required /> </ fieldset > < fieldset > < button type = "submit" class = "btn" >Register</ button > </ fieldset > </ form > |
接下来是数据库的表结构:
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ` user ` ( `id` INT (10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY , `fname` VARCHAR (255) , `lname` VARCHAR (255) , `email` VARCHAR (50) , ` password ` VARCHAR (50) , `is_active` INT (1) DEFAULT '0' , `verify_token` VARCHAR (255) , `created_at` TIMESTAMP , `updated_at` TIMESTAMP , ); |
一旦这个表单被提交了,我们就需要验证用户的输入并且创建一个新用户:
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// Validation rules $rules = array ( 'fname' => 'required|max:255' , 'lname' => 'required|max:255' , 'email' => 'required' , 'password' => 'required|min:6|max:20' , 'cpassword' => 'same:password' ); $validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules ); // If input not valid, go back to registration page if ( $validator ->fails()) { return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'error' , $validator ->messages()->first())->withInput(); } $user = new User(); $user ->fname = Input::get( 'fname' ); $user ->lname = Input::get( 'lname' ); $user ->password = Input::get( 'password' ); // You will generate the verification code here and save it to the database // Save user to the database if (! $user ->save()) { // If unable to write to database for any reason, show the error return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'error' , 'Unable to write to database at this time. Please try again later.' )->withInput(); } // User is created and saved to database // Verification e-mail will be sent here // Go back to registration page and show the success message return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'success' , 'You have successfully created an account. The verification link has been sent to e-mail address you have provided. Please click on that link to activate your account.' ); |
注册之后,用户的账户仍然是无效的直到用户的邮箱被验证。此功能确认用户是输入电子邮件地址的所有者,并有助于防止垃圾邮件以及未经授权的电子邮件使用和信息泄露。
整个流程是非常简单的——当一个新用户被创建时,在注册过过程中,一封包含验证链接的邮件便会被发送到用户填写的邮箱地址中。在用户点击邮箱验证链接和确认邮箱地址之前,用户是不能进行登录和使用网站应用的。
关于验证的链接有几件事情是需要注意的。验证的链接需要包含一个随机生成的token,这个token应该足够长并且只在一段时间段内是有效的,这样做的方法是为了防止网络攻击。同时,邮箱验证中也需要包含用户的唯一标识,这样就可以避免那些攻击多用户的潜在危险。
现在让我们来看看在实践中如何生成一个验证链接:
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// We will generate a random 32 alphanumeric string // It is almost impossible to brute-force this key space $code = str_random(32); $user ->confirmation_code = $code ; |
一旦这个验证被创建就把他存储到数据库中,发送给用户:
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Mail::send( 'emails.email-confirmation' , array ( 'code' => $code , 'id' => $user ->id), function ( $message ) { $message ->from( 'my@domain.com' , 'Mydomain.com' )->to( $user ->email, $user ->fname . ' ' . $user ->lname)->subject( 'Mydomain.com: E-mail confirmation' ); }); |
邮箱验证的内容:
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<!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en-US" > < head > < meta charset = "utf-8" /> </ head > < body > < p style = "margin:0" > Please confirm your e-mail address by clicking the following link: < a href="http://mydomain.com/verify?code=<?php echo $code; ?>&user=<? php echo $id; ?>"></ a > </ p > </ body > </ html > |
现在让我们来验证一下它是否可行:
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$user = User::where( 'id' , '=' , Input::get( 'user' )) ->where( 'is_active' , '=' , 0) ->where( 'verify_token' , '=' , Input::get( 'code' )) ->where( 'created_at' , '>=' , time() - (86400 * 2)) ->first(); if ( $user ) { $user ->verify_token = null; $user ->is_active = 1; if (! $user ->save()) { // If unable to write to database for any reason, show the error return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'error' , 'Unable to connect to database at this time. Please try again later.' ); } // Show the success message return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'success' , 'You account is now active. Thank you.' ); } // Code not valid, show error message return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'error' , 'Verification code not valid.' ); |
结论:
上面展示的代码只是一个教程示例,并且没有通过足够的测试。在你的web应用中使用的时候请先测试一下。上面的代码是在Laravel框架中完成的,但是你可以很轻松的把它迁移到其他的PHP框架中。同时,验证链接的有效时间为48小时,之后就过期。引入一个工作队列就可以很好的及时处理那些已经过期的验证链接。
本文实PHPChina原创翻译,原文转载于http://www.phpchina.com/portal.php?mod=view&aid=39888,小编认为这篇文章很具有学习的价值,分享给大家,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。