《python基础教程》书中的第四个练习,新闻聚合。现在很少见的一类应用,至少我从来没有用过,又叫做Usenet。这个程序的主要功能是用来从指定的来源(这里是Usenet新闻组)收集信息,然后讲这些信息保存到指定的目的文件中(这里使用了两种形式:纯文本和html文件)。这个程序的用处有些类似于现在的博客订阅工具或者叫RSS订阅器。
先上代码,然后再来逐一分析:
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from nntplib import NNTP from time import strftime,time,localtime from email import message_from_string from urllib import urlopen import textwrap import re day = 24 * 60 * 60 def wrap(string, max = 70 ): ''' ''' return '\n' .join(textwrap.wrap(string)) + '\n' class NewsAgent: ''' ''' def __init__( self ): self .sources = [] self .destinations = [] def addSource( self ,source): self .sources.append(source) def addDestination( self ,dest): self .destinations.append(dest) def distribute( self ): items = [] for source in self .sources: items.extend(source.getItems()) for dest in self .destinations: dest.receiveItems(items) class NewsItem: def __init__( self ,title,body): self .title = title self .body = body class NNTPSource: def __init__( self ,servername,group,window): self .servername = servername self .group = group self .window = window def getItems( self ): start = localtime(time() - self .window * day) date = strftime( '%y%m%d' ,start) hour = strftime( '%H%M%S' ,start) server = NNTP( self .servername) ids = server.newnews( self .group,date,hour)[ 1 ] for id in ids: lines = server.article( id )[ 3 ] message = message_from_string( '\n' .join(lines)) title = message[ 'subject' ] body = message.get_payload() if message.is_multipart(): body = body[ 0 ] yield NewsItem(title,body) server.quit() class SimpleWebSource: def __init__( self ,url,titlePattern,bodyPattern): self .url = url self .titlePattern = re. compile (titlePattern) self .bodyPattern = re. compile (bodyPattern) def getItems( self ): text = urlopen( self .url).read() titles = self .titlePattern.findall(text) bodies = self .bodyPattern.findall(text) for title.body in zip (titles,bodies): yield NewsItem(title,wrap(body)) class PlainDestination: def receiveItems( self ,items): for item in items: print item.title print '-' * len (item.title) print item.body class HTMLDestination: def __init__( self ,filename): self .filename = filename def receiveItems( self ,items): out = open ( self .filename, 'w' ) print >> out, ''' <html> <head> <title>Today's News</title> </head> <body> <h1>Today's News</hi> ''' print >> out, '<ul>' id = 0 for item in items: id + = 1 print >> out, '<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a></li>' % ( id ,item.title) print >> out, '</ul>' id = 0 for item in items: id + = 1 print >> out, '<h2><a name="%i">%s</a></h2>' % ( id ,item.title) print >> out, '<pre>%s</pre>' % item.body print >> out, ''' </body> </html> ''' def runDefaultSetup(): agent = NewsAgent() bbc_url = 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/text_only.stm' bbc_title = r '(?s)a href="[^" rel="external nofollow" ]*">\s*<b>\s*(.*?)\s*</b>' bbc_body = r '(?s)</a>\s*<br/>\s*(.*?)\s*<' bbc = SimpleWebSource(bbc_url, bbc_title, bbc_body) agent.addSource(bbc) clpa_server = 'news2.neva.ru' clpa_group = 'alt.sex.telephone' clpa_window = 1 clpa = NNTPSource(clpa_server,clpa_group,clpa_window) agent.addSource(clpa) agent.addDestination(PlainDestination()) agent.addDestination(HTMLDestination( 'news.html' )) agent.distribute() if __name__ = = '__main__' : runDefaultSetup() |
这个程序,首先从整体上进行分析,重点部分在于NewsAgent,它的作用是存储新闻来源,存储目标地址,然后在分别调用来源服务器(NNTPSource以及SimpleWebSource)以及写新闻的类(PlainDestination和HTMLDestination)。所以从这里也看的出,NNTPSource是专门用来获取新闻服务器上的信息的,SimpleWebSource是获取一个url上的数据的。而PlainDestination和HTMLDestination的作用很明显,前者是用来输出获取到的内容到终端的,后者是写数据到html文件中的。
有了这些分析,然后在来看主程序中的内容,主程序就是来给NewsAgent添加信息源和输出目的地址的。
这确实是个简单的程序,不过这个程序可是用到了分层了。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.the5fire.com/python-pro4-newsagent.html