一:字段映射-模型定义
gorm中通常用struct来映射字段. gorm教程中叫模型定义
比如我们定义一个模型Model:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
type User struct { gorm.Model UserId int64 `gorm: "index" ` //设置一个普通的索引,没有设置索引名,gorm会自动命名 Birtheday time.Time Age int `gorm: "column:age" ` //column:一个tag,可以设置列名称 Name string `gorm: "size:255;index:idx_name_add_id" ` //size:设置长度大小,index:设置索引,这个就取了一个索引名 Num int `gorm: "AUTO_INCREMENT" ` Email string `gorm: "type:varchar(100);unique_index" ` //type:定义字段类型和大小 AddressID sql.NullInt64 `gorm: "index:idx_name_add_id" ` IgnoreMe int `gorm: "_" ` Description string `gorm: "size:2019;comment:'用户描述字段'" ` //comment:字段注释 Status string `gorm: "type:enum('published', 'pending', 'deleted');default:'pending'" ` } |
上面的gorm.Model 定义如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
type Model struct { ID uint `gorm:"primary_key"`//primary_key:设置主键 CreatedAt time.Time UpdatedAt time.Time DeletedAt *time.Time } |
当然我们也可以不用gorm.Model,自己定义一个差不多的类型
如果你用ID,系统会自动设为表的主键,当然我们可以自己定义主键:
比如:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
// 使用`AnimalID`作为主键 type Animal struct { AnimalID int64 `gorm:"primary_key"` Name string Age int64 } |
参考:https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/conventions.html
二:创建表
直接看下面的例子:createtable.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
|
package main import ( "database/sql" "fmt" "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" "time" ) type User struct { gorm.Model UserId int64 `gorm: "index" ` Birtheday time.Time Age int `gorm: "column:age" ` Name string `gorm: "size:255;index:idx_name_add_id" ` Num int `gorm: "AUTO_INCREMENT" ` Email string `gorm: "type:varchar(100);unique_index" ` AddressID sql.NullInt64 `gorm: "index:idx_name_add_id" ` IgnoreMe int `gorm: "_" ` Description string `gorm: "size:2019;comment:'用户描述字段'" ` Status string `gorm: "type:enum('published', 'pending', 'deleted');default:'pending'" ` } //设置表名,默认是结构体的名的复数形式 func (User) TableName() string { return "VIP_USER" } func main() { db, err := gorm.Open( "mysql" , "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local" ) if err != nil { fmt.Println( "connect db err: " , err) } defer db.Close() if db.HasTable(&User{}) { //判断表是否存在 db.AutoMigrate(&User{}) //存在就自动适配表,也就说原先没字段的就增加字段 } else { db.CreateTable(&User{}) //不存在就创建新表 } } |
上面的gorm.Open()操作,如果想指定主机话,就需要加上括号 ()
例如:
1
|
user:password@(localhost)/dbname?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local |
上面的程序中,先新建了一个数据库名叫gormdemo
,然后运行:go run createtable.go
, 成功运行后,数据库就会出现一张名为 vip_user
的表。
三:增删改查
新建一个gormdemo的数据库,然后执行下面的sql语句,就会建立一个animals的表,里面还有一些测试数据
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
CREATE TABLE `animals` ( `id` bigint (20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ` name ` varchar (255) DEFAULT 'galeone' , `age` int (10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of animals -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '1' , 'demo-test' , '20' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '2' , 'galeone' , '30' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '3' , 'demotest' , '30' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '4' , 'jim' , '90' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '5' , 'jimmy' , '10' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '6' , 'jim' , '23' ); INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ( '7' , 'test3' , '27' ); |
增加
例子:create.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" ) type Animal struct { ID int64 Name string Age int64 } func main() { db, err := gorm.Open( "mysql" , "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local" ) if err != nil { fmt.Println( "connect db error: " , err) } defer db.Close() animal := Animal{Name: "demo-test" , Age: 20 } db.Create(&animal) } |
说明:上面的这个例子,自己在mysql中创建一个animals的数据表,字段为id,name,age
查找
select.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
|
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" ) type Animal struct { ID int64 Name string Age int64 } //https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/query.html func main() { db, err := gorm.Open( "mysql" , "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local" ) if err != nil { fmt.Println( "connect db error: " , err) } defer db.Close() //根据逐渐查询第一条记录 var animal Animal db.First(&animal) fmt.Println(animal) //根据逐渐查询最后一条记录 var animal2 Animal db.Last(&animal2) fmt.Println(animal2) //指定某条记录(仅当主键为整型时可用) var animal3 Animal db.First(&animal3, 2 ) fmt.Println(animal3) //where条件 //符合条件的第一条记录 var animal4 Animal db.Where( "name = ?" , "demotest2" ).First(&animal4) fmt.Println( "where : " , animal4, animal4.ID, animal4.Name, animal4.Age) //符合条件的所有记录 var animals5 []Animal db.Where( "name = ?" , "galeone" ).Find(&animals5) fmt.Println(animals5) for k, v := range animals5 { fmt.Println( "k:" , k, "ID:" , v.ID, "Name:" , v.Name, "Age:" , v.Age) } //IN var animals6 []Animal db.Where( "name IN (?)" , []string{ "demo-test" , "demotest2" }).Find(&animals6) fmt.Println(animals6) //LIKE var animals7 []Animal db.Where( "name like ?" , "%jim%" ).Find(&animals7) fmt.Println(animals7) //AND var animals8 []Animal db.Where( "name = ? AND age >= ?" , "jim" , "24" ).Find(&animals8) fmt.Println(animals8) //总数 var count int var animals9 []Animal db.Where( "name = ?" , "galeone" ).Or( "name = ?" , "jim" ).Find(&animals9).Count(&count) fmt.Println(animals9) fmt.Println(count) //Scan, 原生查询 var animals10 []Animal db.Raw( "SELECT id, name, age From Animals WHERE name = ? AND age = ? " , "galeone" , "30" ).Scan(&animals10) fmt.Println( "Scan: " , animals10) //原生查询,select all var animals11 []Animal rows, _ := db.Raw( "SELECT id,name FROM Animals" ).Rows() //注意:上面的 select id,name 后面不能写成 * 代替,不然出来的结果都是默认0值 //像这样结果: ALL: [{0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0}] //Scan 后面是什么字段,select 后面就紧跟什么字段 for rows.Next() { var result Animal rows.Scan(&result.ID, &result.Name) animals11 = append(animals11, result) } fmt.Println( "ALL: " , animals11) //output:ALL: [{1 demo-test 0} {2 galeone 0} {3 demotest2 0} {4 galeone 0} {5 galeone 0} {6 jim 0} {7 jimmy 0}] //select 查询 var animal12 Animal db.Select( "name,age" ).Find(&animal12) //只查询name,age字段,相当于select name,age from user fmt.Println( "select: " , animal12) // db.Select([]string{"name", "age"}).Find(&animal12) // fmt.Println("select2: ", animal12) } |
更新
update.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
|
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" ) type Animal struct { ID int64 Name string Age int64 } func main() { db, err := gorm.Open( "mysql" , "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local" ) if err != nil { fmt.Println( "connect db error: " , err) } defer db.Close() ///根据一个条件更新 //根据条件更新字段值, //后面加Debug(),运行时,可以打印出sql db.Debug().Model(&Animal{}).Where( "id = ? " , 4 ).Update( "name" , "jimupdate" ) //UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'jimupdate' WHERE (id = 4) //另外一种写法: 根据条件更新 var animal Animal animal = Animal{ID: 3 } db.Debug().Model(animal).Update( "name" , "demotest2update" ) // db.Debug().Model(&animal).Update("name", "demotest2update") // 这种写法也可以 //UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'demotest2update' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 3 /// 多个条件更新 db.Model(&Animal{}).Where( "id = ? AND age = ?" , 4 , 45 ).Update( "name" , "jimupdate3" ) //UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'jimupdate2' WHERE (id = 4 AND age = 45) /// 更新多个值 db.Debug().Model(&Animal{}).Where( "id = ?" , 4 ).Update(Animal{Name: "jim" , Age: 90 }) // UPDATE `animals` SET `age` = 90, `name` = 'jim' WHERE (id = 4) animal2 := Animal{ID: 5 } db.Debug().Model(&animal2).Update(map[string] interface {}{ "name" : "jimm" , "age" : 100 }) //UPDATE `animals` SET `age` = 100, `name` = 'jimm' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 5 } |
删除
delete.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" ) type Animal struct { ID int64 Name string Age int64 } func main() { db, err := gorm.Open( "mysql" , "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local" ) if err != nil { fmt.Println( "connect db error: " , err) } defer db.Close() db.Debug().Where( "id = ?" , 13 ).Delete(&Animal{}) // DELETE FROM `animals` WHERE (id = 13) db.Debug().Delete(&Animal{}, "id = ? AND age = ?" , 14 , 10 ) //DELETE FROM `animals` WHERE (id = 14 AND age = 10) } |
四:Debug
在db后面直接加上 Debug(), 比如delete.go 里面的例子
五:参考
到此这篇关于golang常用库之操作数据库的orm框架-gorm基本使用详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关golang gorm使用内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiujuan/p/12676195.html