本文实例为大家分享了Python实现图书馆座位自动预约的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
配置
通过公网主机定时运行脚本,并发送邮件到自己的qq邮箱,这样在微信就会有消息提示是否预约成功
vim /etc/crontab
设置每到早上7:01自动运行脚本即可
程序流程
(以yuyue.juneberry.cn网站为例)
- get访问登录页面,获取cookie和表单里面的隐藏post字段
- 构造登录post数据,加入从表单里面拿到的隐藏post字段
- post构造后的数据,模拟登录,激活cookie(使cookie有登入权限)
- get访问座位预约界面,激活cookie(使cookie有预约座位权限)
- post预约请求,实现预约座位
- 解析返回结果,判断是否成功,并邮件提醒
要点
- requests库中的requests.session() 能够创建可传递cookies的会话
- 拿到<input type=hidden>的数据并传递到post的数据中
- 抓包判断网站逻辑,筛选出各个请求的参数,并在程序中实现
函数解释
- class FUCK()主类
- _get_date_str(self):获取当前日期,并加上一天,用这个函数构造url的特征字段(图书馆设置提前一天预约座位)
- def _get_order_url(self):构造"预约座位"的post目标url
- def _get_static_post_attr:这个函数解析get请求的返回页面,并从中提取出<input type=hidden>的字段,用于之后的构造post数据
- def login(self):实现登录功能
- def run(self):实现座位预约功能
- def _is_success(self, text):判断预约结果
- def error_log_once(self, text='default error (once)'):
- def error_log(self, text='default error'):这两个函数设置程序状态为"已经出错"或者"未出错"状态(用于自动化运行的时候避免将重复的错误信息写入日志)
- def error_log(self, text='default error'):单次将错误信息写入本地日志
- sendmail.send_mail()邮件发送模块
代码及注释
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# /bin/python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import time import sys import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from mail import sendmail __author__ = 'xy' # 主类 class FUCK(): def __init__( self , username, password, seatNO, mailto): """ 以四个参数初始化,用户名,密码,要预约的座位号,接受预约结果提醒邮件的邮箱 """ self .username = username self .password = password self .seatNO = seatNO self .mailto = mailto self .base_url = 'http://yuyue.juneberry.cn' self .login_url = 'http://yuyue.juneberry.cn' self .order_url = self ._get_order_url() self .login_content = '' self .middle_content = '' self .final_content = '' self .s = requests.session() # 创建可传递cookies的会话 # post data for login self .data1 = { 'subCmd' : 'Login' , 'txt_LoginID' : self .username, # S+学号 'txt_Password' : self .password, # 密码 'selSchool' : 60 , # 60表示北京交通大学 } # post data for order a seat self .data2 = { 'subCmd' : 'query' , } # 自定义http头,然而我在程序里并没有使用 self .headers = { 'Connection' : 'keep-alive' , 'Content-Type' : 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' , } self .login() self .run() self ._is_success( self .final_content) # 怀疑程序出错时,取消下行注释,可打印一些参数 # self._debug() def _get_date_str( self ): s = time.localtime(time.time()) ########333 date_str = str (s.tm_year) + '%2f' + str (s.tm_mon) + '%2f' + str (s.tm_mday + 1 ) date_str = date_str.replace( '%2f1%2f32' , '%2f2%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f2%2f29' , '%2f3%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f3%2f32' , '%2f4%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f4%2f31' , '%2f5%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f5%2f32' , '%2f6%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f6%2f31' , '%2f7%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f7%2f32' , '%2f8%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f8%2f32' , '%2f9%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f9%2f31' , '%2f10%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f10%2f32' , '%2f11%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f11%2f31' , '%2f12%2f1' ) \ .replace( '%2f12%2f32' , '%2f1%2f1' ) return date_str def _get_order_url( self ): return "http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatMessage.aspx?seatNo=101001" + self .seatNO + "&seatShortNo=01" + self .seatNO + "&roomNo=101001&date=" + self ._get_date_str() def _get_static_post_attr( self , page_content, data_dict): """ 拿到<input type='hidden'>的post参数,并添加到post_data中 """ soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, "html.parser" ) for each in soup.find_all( 'input' ): if 'value' in each.attrs and 'name' in each.attrs: data_dict[each[ 'name' ]] = each[ 'value' ] # 添加到login的post_data中 # self.data2[each['name']] = each['value'] # 添加到order的post_data中 return data_dict def _debug( self ): print self .order_url print self .data1 print self .data2 print self .headers print self .s.cookies # print self.login_content # print self.middle_content print self .final_content def login( self ): homepage_content = self .s.get( self .base_url).content self .data1 = self ._get_static_post_attr(homepage_content, self .data1) r = self .s.post( self .login_url, self .data1) self .login_content = r.content def run( self ): # 这个get的意思是:原先的cookie没有预约权限, # 访问这个get之后,会使cookie拥有预约权限,从而执行下一个post self .middle_content = self .s.get( 'http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatListForm.aspx' ).content # 经测试,这个post只需要一个subCmd的参数就可以正常返回,因此不必根据get内容更新post参数 # self.data2 = self._get_static_post_attr(middle_content, self.data2) # 这个post请求完成了预约功能! r = self .s.post( self .order_url, self .data2) self .final_content = r.content def _is_success( self , text): """ 接受最终的html内容,判断是否成功,并触发日志记录和邮件提醒 """ if '<h5 id="MessageTip">已经存在有效的预约记录。</h5>' in text: self .clear_error_once( '[done!] You already ordered a seat!' ) elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">选择的日期不允许预约。</h5>' in text: self .clear_error_once( '[done!] Date is wrong!' ) elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">所选座位已经被预约。</h5>' in text: self .clear_error_once( '[done!] This seat is not available, maybe taken by others!' ) elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">座位预约成功' in text: self .clear_error_once( '[done!] Success! An email is sending to you!' ) sendmail.send_mail( 'BJTU Library Seat_NO:' + self .seatNO + 'ordered!' , 'Sending by robot. Do not reply this mail!' , self .mailto) else : self .error_log_once( 'Error! 302 to login page' ) def error_log_once( self , text = 'default error (once)' ): try : is_error_file = open ( './isopen_xy.txt' , 'r' ) except : is_error_file = open ( './isopen_xy.txt' , 'w' ) if '1' not in is_error_file.read(): print 'writting error to log...' self .error_log(text) else : print 'already written to log' is_error_file.close() sendmail.send_mail( 'BJTU_Library system error once !' , 'error text!' ) def error_log( self , text = 'default error' ): is_error_file = open ( './isopen_xy.txt' , 'w' ) is_error_file.write( '1\n' ) is_error_file.close() f = open ( "./log_xy.txt" , 'a' ) f.write(time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %X" , time.localtime()) + text + '\n' ) f.close() def clear_error_once( self , text = 'success' ): print text is_error_file = open ( './isopen_xy.txt' , 'w' ) is_error_file.write( '0\n' ) is_error_file.close() if __name__ = = '__main__' : if len (sys.argv) < 5 : print 'Usage: python library.py [username] [password] [seat_NO] [email]' print 'eg. python library.py S13280001 123456 003 XXXX@qq.com\n' print 'Any problems, mail to: i[at]cdxy.me' print '#-*- Edit by cdxy 16.03.24 -*-' sys.exit( 0 ) else : FUCK(sys.argv[ 1 ], sys.argv[ 2 ], sys.argv[ 3 ], sys.argv[ 4 ]) |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/cd_xuyue/article/details/50996681