spring cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用spring boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用spring boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。spring并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过spring boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
接下来我们就使用springcloud实现一套简单的微服务架构。
以下所有代码都已开源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice
eureka(服务注册与发现)
首先引入相关的依赖包
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
配置application.yml
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server: port: 8761eureka: instance: hostname: localhost client: registerwitheureka: false fetchregistry: false serviceurl: defaultzone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ |
创建启动类application
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@enableeurekaserver@springbootapplicationpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
运行main方法，浏览器访问：http://localhost:8761，我们就能在浏览器看到如下界面：
说明eureka启动成功。
接下来，我们实现负债均衡、断路器、网关、客户端，所有的服务都应该注册到eureka中，并且访问eureka就能看到所有注册的服务
client(客户端)
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #这里注册到eureka中server: port: 8763spring: application: name: service-hi |
application类
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@springbootapplication@enableeurekaclient@restcontrollerpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(applicatioin.class, args); } @value("${server.port}") string port; //这里我们提供一个接口 @requestmapping("/hi") public string home(@requestparam string name) { return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port; }} |
feign(负债均衡、断路器)
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8765spring: application: name: service-feignfeign: hystrix: enabled: true |
application类
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@springbootapplication@enablediscoveryclient@enablefeignclients@enablehystrixdashboardpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
然后再提供一个service，他的作用就是做负债均衡和断路器功能
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@feignclient(value = "service-hi",fallback = schedualservicehihystric.class)public interface schedualservicehi { @requestmapping(value = "/hi",method = requestmethod.get) string sayhifromclientone(@requestparam(value = "name") string name);} |
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@componentpublic class schedualservicehihystric implements schedualservicehi { @override public string sayhifromclientone(string name) { return "sorry "+name; }} |
feignclient我们指定之前创建client时指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服务不可用时的返回数据，这样我们启动多个client时就可以看到http请求时会交替访问不同的feign端口，当停掉clien时再访问接口会返回错误信息。
zuul(服务网关)
在一般情况下，我们不会直接暴露客户端给外部，而是通过服务网关来转发，内部服务都是在局域网内通信，外部访问不了，通过服务网关，我们还可以统一做接口的安全性校验，统一拦截，请看代码：
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8080spring: application: name: service-zuulzuul: routes: api-b: path: /api/** serviceid: service-feign #凡是以api开始的请求都访问service-feign服务 |
application类
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@enablezuulproxy@enableeurekaclient@springbootapplicationpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
启动application，访问：http://localhost:8080/api/hi，就能访问到之前我们定义的接口，接下来我们做接口的拦截：
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/** * filtertype：返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型，在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型，具体如下： pre：路由之前 routing：路由之时 post： 路由之后 error：发送错误调用 filterorder：过滤的顺序 shouldfilter：这里可以写逻辑判断，是否要过滤，本文true,永远过滤。 run：过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂，包括查sql，nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。 */@componentpublic class myfilter extends zuulfilter{ private static logger log = loggerfactory.getlogger(myfilter.class); @override public string filtertype() { return "pre"; } @override public int filterorder() { return 0; } @override public boolean shouldfilter() { return true; } @override public object run() { requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext(); httpservletrequest request = ctx.getrequest(); log.info(string.format("%s >>> %s", request.getmethod(), request.getrequesturl().tostring())); object accesstoken = request.getparameter("token"); if(accesstoken == null) { log.warn("token is empty"); ctx.setsendzuulresponse(false); ctx.setresponsestatuscode(401); try { ctx.getresponse().getwriter().write("token is empty"); }catch (exception e){} return null; } log.info("ok"); return null; }} |
这样我们在调用接口前会先执行myfilter类中的run方法，在这个方法里可以做一系列安全验证，比如token。
好了，一个简单的微服务架构就已经搭建完成了。
以上所有代码都已开源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springcloud实现简单的微服务架构，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/lynnlovemin/article/details/79019680
