在我们爬虫的时候经常会遇到验证码，新浪微博的验证码是四宫格形式。
可以采用模板验证码的破解方式，也就是把所有验证码的情况全部列出来，然后拿验证码的图片和这所有情况中的图片进行对比，然后获取验证码，再通过selenium自动拖拽点击，进行破解。
我们将验证码四个点标注为1234，那么所有的情况就是以下24种情况。
数字代表箭头指向：
| 1234 | 2134 | 3124 | 4321 |
| 1243 | 2143 | 3142 | 4312 |
| 1342 | 2314 | 3214 | 4123 |
| 1324 | 2341 | 3241 | 4132 |
| 1423 | 2413 | 3412 | 4213 |
| 1432 | 2431 | 3421 | 4231 |
所有的情况就是以上24种。我们将这24中验证码的情况放在一个文件夹内，当我们在登录的时候用获取的验证码截图去和所有的情况一一对比，然后获取完全相同的验证码，进行点击即可。代码如下：
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from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainsimport timefrom PIL import Imagefrom io import BytesIOfrom os import listdirUSERNAME = ''PASSWORD = ''class CrackWeiboSlide(): def __init__(self): self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login' self.browser = webdriver.Chrome() self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20) self.username = USERNAME self.password = PASSWORD def __del__(self): self.browser.close() def open(self): """ 打开网页输入用户名密码登录 :return: None """ self.browser.get(self.url) username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName'))) password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword'))) submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction'))) username.send_keys(self.username) password.send_keys(self.password) submit.click() def get_position(self): """ 获取验证码的位置 :return: 位置 """ try: img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow'))) except TimeoutException: print('未出现验证码') self.open() time.sleep(2) location = img.location size = img.size top=location['y'] bottom = location['y']+size['height'] left = location['x'] right = location['x']+size['width'] return (top,bottom,left,right) def get_screenshot(self): """ 获取截图 :return:截图 """ screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png() # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制 screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot)) return screentshot def get_image(self,name): """获取验证码图片""" top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position() print('验证码位置',top,bottom,left,right) screenshot = self.get_screenshot() # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数 captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom)) captcha.save(name) return captcha def detect_image(self,image): """ 匹配图片 :param self: :param image: 图片 :return: 拖动顺序 """ # 图片所在的文件夹 for template_name in listdir('templates/'): print('正在匹配',template_name) template = Image.open('templates/'+template_name) # 匹配图片 if self.same_img(image,template): # 将匹配到的文件名转换为列表 numbers = [int(number)for number in list(template_name.split('.')[0])] print('拖动顺序',numbers) return numbers def is_pixel_equal(self,image1,image2,x,y): """ 判断两个像素的相似度 :param image1: 图片1 :param image2: 图片2 :param x: 位置x :param y: 位置y :return: 像素是否相同 """ # 取像素点 pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y] pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y] # 偏差量等于60 threshold = 60 if abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1]-pixel2[1])<threshold and abs(pixel1[2]-pixel2[2])<threshold: return True else: return False def same_img(self,image,template): """ 识别相似的验证码 :param image: 准备识别的验证码 :param template: 模板 :return: """ # 相似度阈值 threshold = 0.99 count = 0 # 匹配所有像素点 for x in range(image.width): for y in range(image.height): # 判断像素 if self.is_pixel_equal(image,template,x,y): count+=1 result = float(count)/(image.width*image.height) if result>threshold: print('成功匹配') return True return False def move(self,numbers): """ 根据顺序拖动,此处接收的参数为前面的验证码的顺序列表 :param numbers: :return: """ # 获取四宫格的四个点 circles = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.patt-wrap .patt-circ') print('-----------------',circles) dx = dy =0 for index in range(4): circle = circles[numbers[index]-1] if index == 0: # 点击第一个点 ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(circle,circle.size['width']/2,circle.size['height']/2).click_and_hold().perform() else: # 慢慢移动 times = 30 for i in range(times): ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(dx/times,dy/times).perform() time.sleep(1/times) if index == 3: # 松开鼠标 ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform() else: # 计算下次的偏移 dx = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['x'] - circle.location['x'] dy = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['y'] - circle.location['y'] def crack(self): """ 破解入口 :return: """ self.open() # 获取验证码图片 image = self.get_image('captcha.png') numbers = self.detect_image(image) self.move(numbers) time.sleep(10) print('识别结束')if __name__ == '__main__': crack = CrackWeiboSlide() crack.crack() |
设置自己的账号密码即可实现。
有时候会匹配不上，图片相似度阈值达不到0.99以上，这个时候可能是我们收集的验证码图片过时了，重新开启图片收集程序，运行收集一下即可。
收集图片程序代码如下：
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from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutExceptionimport timefrom PIL import Imagefrom io import BytesIOfrom os import listdirUSERNAME = '18239831004'PASSWORD = 'qweqweqwe'class CrackWeiboSlide(): def __init__(self): self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login' self.browser = webdriver.Chrome() self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20) self.username = USERNAME self.password = PASSWORD def __del__(self): self.browser.close() def open(self): """ 打开网页输入用户名密码登录 :return: None """ self.browser.get(self.url) username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName'))) password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword'))) submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction'))) username.send_keys(self.username) password.send_keys(self.password) submit.click() def get_position(self): """ 获取验证码的位置 :return: 位置 """ try: img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow'))) except TimeoutException: print('未出现验证码') self.open() time.sleep(2) location = img.location size = img.size top=location['y'] bottom = location['y']+size['height'] left = location['x'] right = location['x']+size['width'] return (top,bottom,left,right) def get_screenshot(self): """ 获取截图 :return:截图 """ screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png() # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制 screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot)) return screentshot def get_image(self,name): """获取验证码图片""" top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position() print('验证码位置',top,bottom,left,right) screenshot = self.get_screenshot() # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数 captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom)) captcha.save(name) return captcha # 获取所有的验证码 def main(self): count = 0 while True: name = str(count)+'.png' self.open() self.get_image(name) count+=1if __name__ == '__main__': crack = CrackWeiboSlide() crack.main() |
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39138295/article/details/82888722
