一对一:
一对一的关系极为一个数据仅对应一个数据,用下图的结构图可以帮助理解:
下面用代码实现一下,首先要创建工程项目如下:
接着,我们定义模型:
来到models.py
文件,创建两个模型:
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from django.db import models # Create your models here. class One(models.Model): oname = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True ) oage = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True ) odate = models.DateField(null = True ) class Two(models.Model): # 设置一对一关系,是通过将表中的字段设置为主键完成的 # on_delete=models.CASCADE 当父表中的某一条数据删除的时候 # 相关字表中的数据也会被删除 tsub = models.OneToOneField(One,on_delete = models.CASCADE,primary_key = True ) tfond = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ,null = True ) tdes = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ,null = True ) |
来到myPro
文件夹下添加以下两句代码:
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import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb() |
下面可以迁移文件:
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python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate |
这样我们就创建了两个表:
来到views.py
文件中添加数据,代码如下:
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from django.shortcuts import render from .models import One,Two # Create your views here. def index(request): o1 = One.objects.create(oname = '张三' ,oage = 11 ,odate = '2011-11-11' ) o2 = One.objects.create(oname = '张三2' ,oage = 12 ,odate = '2012-12-12' ) t1 = Two.objects.create(tsub = o1,tfond = 'o1' ,tdes = '我喜欢o1' ) t2 = Two.objects.create(tsub = o2,tfond = 'o2' ,tdes = '我喜欢o2' ) return render(request, 'index.html' ) |
运行之后,将添加数据的代码注释掉,否则后面每运行一次都会添加。
下面,我们通过查询数据来甄别其中的关系。
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def select(request): t1 = Two.objects.get(tsub__oname = '张三' ) return render(request, 'index.html' ,{ 't1' :t1}) |
一对多
即一个对象对应着对个对象。
创建模型代码:
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from django.db import models # Create your models here. class People(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) card_num = models.IntegerField(default = 0 ) class Card(models.Model): number = models.CharField(max_length = 20 ) person = models.ForeignKey(People,on_delete = models.CASCADE) source = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) |
urls.py
路由设置:
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from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from myApp import views urlpatterns = [ path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls), path( 'add/' ,views.add), path( 'select/' ,views.select), ] |
views.py
文件中代码:
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from django.shortcuts import render from .models import People,Card from django.http import HttpResponse # Create your views here. # 添加数据 def add(request): # p1 = People.objects.create(name='小王',card_num = 4) # p2 = People.objects.create(name='老王', card_num=40) # # c1 = Card(number='101',source = '中国银行',person = p1) # c2 = Card(number='102', source='中国农行', person=p1) # c3 = Card(number='110', source='中国建行', person=p1) # c1.save() # c2.save() # c3.save() # # c4 = Card(number='201', source='河南郑州美容美发', person=p2) # c5 = Card(number='202', source='郑州交通一卡通', person=p2) # c6 = Card(number='203', source='郑州逍遥镇胡辣汤', person=p2) # c7 = Card(number='204', source='郑州惠济四附院', person=p2) # # c4.save() # c5.save() # c6.save() # c7.save() return HttpResponse( '添加成功' ) def select(request): # 查找number=203的人 c1 = Card.objects.get(number = '203' ) print (c1.person.name) # 查找id为3对应的人 c2 = Card.objects.get( id = 3 ) print (c2.person.name) # 查找c2的所有卡 result = c2.person.card_set. all () print (result) for res in result: print (res.source) # 查找名字为老王的所有卡种 result = People.objects.get(name = '老王' ) for card in result.card_set. all (): print (card.source) return HttpResponse( '查询成功' ) |
多对多
即多个对象对应对个对象,类似公交车坐车,人可以坐多个公交车,公交车也可以载不同的人。
创建模型代码如下:
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from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publication(models.Model): pname = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) paddress = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) class Book(models.Model): bname = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) bauthor = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) publication = models.ManyToManyField(Publication) |
视图文件views.py
文件代码如下:
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from django.shortcuts import render from .models import Publication,Book from django.http import HttpResponse # Create your views here. def add(request): # p1 = Publication(pname='大象出版社',paddress='河南',) # p2 = Publication(pname='北京出版社',paddress='北京') # p3 = Publication(pname='清华出版社',paddress='河北') # p1.save() # p2.save() # p3.save() # # b1 = Book(bname='海底两万里',bauthor='赵四') # b2 = Book(bname='遮天',bauthor='辰东') # b3 = Book(bname='童年', bauthor='xxxx') # b4 = Book(bname='在人间', bauthor='yyyy') # b5 = Book(bname='我的大学', bauthor='张飞') # b6 = Book(bname='汤姆索亚历险记', bauthor='赵六儿') # b1.save() # b2.save() # b3.save() # b4.save() # b5.save() # b6.save() # # b1.publication.add(p1,p2,p3) # b2.publication.add(p1,p2) # b3.publication.add(p1,p3) # b4.publication.add(p2,p3) # b5.publication.add(p3) # 多对多关系,两个表不直接产生联系,而是将两个表之间的关系记录在中间表上 # 中间表不需要创建,会自动生成 return HttpResponse( '添加成功' ) def select(request): # 通过书籍查找对应的出版社 b1 = Book.objects.get(bname = '童年' ) # 获取出版童年的所有出版社 b1_publication = b1.publication. all () for pub in b1_publication: print (pub.pname) print (pub.paddress) p1 = Publication.objects.get(pname = '清华出版社' ) all_book = p1.book_set. all () print ( '------------------' ) for book in all_book: print (book.bname) print (book.bauthor) return HttpResponse( '查找成功' ) |
这样,就介绍完了。
总结
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39138295/article/details/82631678