服务器之家

服务器之家 > 正文

Python爬虫之正则表达式的使用教程详解

时间:2021-04-12 00:40     来源/作者:-零

正则表达式的使用

re.match(pattern,string,flags=0)

re.match尝试从字符串的起始位置匹配一个模式,如果不是起始位置匹配成功的话,match()就返回none

参数介绍:

pattern:正则表达式

string:匹配的目标字符串

flags:匹配模式

正则表达式的匹配模式:

Python爬虫之正则表达式的使用教程详解

最常规的匹配

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
print(len(content))
result = re.match('^hello\s\d{6}\s\w{10}.*demo$$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group()) #返回匹配结果
print(result.span()) #返回匹配结果的范围

结果运行如下:

39
<_sre.sre_match object; span=(0, 39), match='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'>
hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo
(0, 39)

泛匹配

使用(.*)匹配更多内容

?
1
2
3
4
5
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.match('^hello.*demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group())

 

结果运行如下:

<_sre.sre_match object; span=(0, 39), match='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'>
hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo

匹配目标

在正则表达式中使用()将要获取的内容括起来

使用group(1)获取第一处,group(2)获取第二处,如此可以提取我们想要获取的内容

?
1
2
3
4
5
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.match('^hello\s(\d{6})\s.*demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))#获取匹配目标

结果运行如下:

<_sre.sre_match object; span=(0, 39), match='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'>
123456

贪婪匹配

?
1
2
3
4
5
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.match('^he.*(\d+).*demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))

注意:.*会尽可能的多匹配字符

非贪婪匹配

?
1
2
3
4
5
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.match('^he.*?(\d+).*demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1)) 

注意:.*?会尽可能匹配少的字符

使用匹配模式

在解析html代码时会有换行,这时我们就要使用re.s

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this ' \
'is a regex demo'
result = re.match('^he.*?(\d+).*?demo$',content,re.s)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))

运行结果如下:

<_sre.sre_match object; span=(0, 39), match='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'>
123456

转义

在解析过程中遇到特殊字符,就需要做转义,比如下面的$符号。

?
1
2
3
4
import re
content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('^price.*\$5\.00',content)
print(result.group())

总结:尽量使用泛匹配,使用括号得到匹配目标,尽量使用非贪婪模式,有换行就用re.s

?
1
re.search(pattern,string,flags=0)

re.search扫描整个字符串并返回第一个成功的匹配。

比如我想要提取字符串中的123456,使用match方法无法提取,只能使用search方法。

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.match('\d{6}',content)
print(result)
import re
content ='hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
result = re.search('\d{6}',content)
print(result)
print(result.group())

运行结果如下:

<_sre.sre_match object; span=(6, 12), match='123456'>

匹配演练

可以匹配代码里结构相同的部分,这样可以返回你需要的内容

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
import re
content = '<a python" id="highlighter_960028">
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
import re
html ='''
<li>
<a python" id="highlighter_779575">
?
1
2
3
4
import re
content = 'hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
content = re.sub('\d+','',content)
print(content)

运行结果如下:

hello  world_this is a regex demo
import re
content = 'hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
content = re.sub('\d+','what',content)
print(content)

运行结果如下:

hello what world_this is a regex demo
import re
content = 'hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo'
content = re.sub('(\d+)',r'\1 789',content)
print(content)

运行结果如下:

hello 123456 789 world_this is a regex demo

注意:这里\1代表前面匹配的123456

演练

在这里我们替换li标签

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
import re
html ='''
<li>
<a python" id="highlighter_135047">
?
1
2
3
<a title="网络歌曲" href="/doc/2703035-2853927.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" data-log="old:2703035-2853885,new:2703035-2853927" data-cid="sense-list">网络歌曲</a>
<a title="2009年中信出版社出版图书" href="/doc/2703035-2853985.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" data-log="old:2703035-2853885,new:2703035-2853985" data-cid="sense-list">2009年中信出版社出版图书</a>
compile(pattern [, flags])

该函数根据包含的正则表达式的字符串创建模式对象。可以实现更有效率的匹配

将正则表达式编译成正则表达式对象,以便于复用该匹配模式

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
import re
content = 'hello 123456 ' \
'world_this is a regex demo'
pattern = re.compile('hello.*?demo',re.s)
result = re.match(pattern,content)
print(result.group()) 

运行结果如下:

hello 123456 world_this is a regex demo

综合使用

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
import re
html = '''
<div class="slide-page" style="width: 700px;" data-index="1">
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26725678/?tag=热门&from=gaia">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="26725678">
        <img src="https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2525020357.jpg" alt="解除好友2:暗网" data-x="694" data-y="1000">
      </div>
      <p>
        解除好友2:暗网
          <strong>7.9</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26916229/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="26916229">
        <img src="https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2532008868.jpg" alt="镰仓物语" data-x="2143" data-y="2993">
      </div>
      <p>
        镰仓物语
          <strong>6.9</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26683421/?tag=热门&from=gaia">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="26683421">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2528281606.jpg" alt="特工" data-x="690" data-y="986">
      </div>
      <p>
        特工
          <strong>8.3</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/27072795/?tag=热门&from=gaia">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="27072795">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2521583093.jpg" alt="幸福的拉扎罗" data-x="640" data-y="914">
      </div>
      <p>
        幸福的拉扎罗
          <strong>8.6</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/27201353/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="27201353">
        <img src="https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2528842218.jpg" alt="大师兄" data-x="679" data-y="950">
      </div>
      <p>
        大师兄
          <strong>5.2</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/30146756/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="30146756">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530872223.jpg" alt="风语咒" data-x="1079" data-y="1685">
      </div>
      <p>
        风语咒
          <strong>6.9</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26630714/?tag=热门&from=gaia">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="26630714">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530591543.jpg" alt="精灵旅社3:疯狂假期" data-x="1063" data-y="1488">
      </div>
      <p>
        精灵旅社3:疯狂假期
          <strong>6.8</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/25882296/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="25882296">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2526405034.jpg" alt="狄仁杰之四大天王" data-x="2500" data-y="3500">
      </div>
      <p>
        狄仁杰之四大天王
          <strong>6.2</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26804147/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="26804147">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2527484082.jpg" alt="摩天营救" data-x="1371" data-y="1920">
      </div>
      <p>
        摩天营救
          <strong>6.4</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
    <a class="item" target="_blank" href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/24773958/?tag=热门&from=gaia_video">
      <div class="cover-wp" data-isnew="false" data-id="24773958">
        <img src="https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2517753454.jpg" alt="复仇者联盟3:无限战争" data-x="1968" data-y="2756">
      </div>
      <p>
        复仇者联盟3:无限战争
          <strong>8.1</strong>
      </p>
    </a>
  </div>
'''
count = 0
for list in result:
  print(result[count])
  count+=1

运行结果如下:

('解除好友2:暗网', '7.9')
('镰仓物语', '6.9')
('特工', '8.3')
('幸福的拉扎罗', '8.6')
('大师兄', '5.2')
('风语咒', '6.9')
('精灵旅社3:疯狂假期', '6.8')
('狄仁杰之四大天王', '6.2')
('摩天营救', '6.4')
('复仇者联盟3:无限战争', '8.1')

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python爬虫之正则表达式的使用教程,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!

原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/-wenli/p/9846116.html

相关文章

热门资讯

返回顶部