C++ 遍历二叉树实例详解
2叉数又叫红黑树,关于2叉数的遍历问题,有很多,一般有三种常用遍历方法:
(1)前序遍历(2)中序遍历(3)后续遍历
以下是经典示例:
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#include "stdafx.h" #include<stdio.h> #include<malloc.h> #include <math.h > #define MaxSize 20 typedef struct BiTNode { int data; struct BiTNode *lchild, *rchild; }BiTNode,*BiTree; //建立二叉树 void CreateBiTree(BiTree *T) { char ch; scanf( "%c" ,&ch); getchar(); if(ch== ' ' ) { printf( "不产生子树。\n" ); *T= NULL ; } else { if(!(*T=(BiTNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode)))) { printf( "分配空间失败" ); return ; }//生成一个新节点 (*T)->data = ch; printf( "产生左右子树。\n" ); CreateBiTree(&(*T)->lchild); CreateBiTree(&(*T)->rchild); } } //递归前序遍历 void Preorder(BiTNode *T) { if(T) { printf( "%c " ,T->data); Preorder(T->lchild); Preorder(T->rchild); } } //递归中序遍历 void Inorder(BiTNode *T) { if(T) { Inorder(T->lchild); printf( "%c " ,T->data); Inorder(T->rchild); } } //递归后序遍历 void Postorder(BiTNode *T) { if(T) { Postorder(T->lchild); Postorder(T->rchild); printf( "%c " ,T->data); } } //非递归前序遍历 void NPreorder(BiTNode *T) { BiTNode *stack[MaxSize],*p; int top =-1; if(T) { top ++; stack[ top ]=T; //根节点进栈 while( top >-1) //栈不为空时循环 { p=stack[ top ]; //退栈并访问该节点 top --; printf( "%c " ,p->data); if(p->rchild) //右孩子进栈 { top ++; stack[ top ]=p->rchild; } if(p->lchild) //左孩子进栈 { top ++; stack[ top ]=p->lchild; } } } } //非递归中序遍历 void NInorder(BiTNode *T) { BiTNode *stack[MaxSize],*p; int top =-1; p=T; while(p|| top !=-1) { if(p) { top ++; stack[ top ]=p; p=p->lchild; } //根节点进栈,遍历左子树 else //根节点退栈,访问根节点,遍历右子树 { p=stack[ top ]; top --; printf( "%c " ,p->data); p=p->rchild; } } } //非递归后序遍历 void NPostorder(BiTNode *T) { BiTNode *stack[MaxSize],*p; int flag, top =-1; do { while(T) { top ++; stack[ top ]=T; T=T->lchild; } //所有左节点进栈 p= NULL ; //p总是指向当前节点的前一个已经访问过的节点 flag=1; //flag为1表示当前节点已经访问过了 while( top !=-1 && flag) { T=stack[ top ]; if(T->rchild==p) //右子树不存在或者已经被访问过时 { printf( "%c " ,T->data); top --; p=T; //调整p指针 } else { T=T->rchild; flag=0; //调整访问标志 } } } while( top !=-1); } //层次遍历二叉树 void Translever(BiTNode *T) { struct node { BiTNode *vec[MaxSize]; int f,r; //r为队尾,f为队头 }queue; BiTNode *p; p=T; queue.f=0; queue.r=0; if(T) printf( "%c " , p->data); queue.vec[queue.r]=p; queue.r=queue.r+1; while(queue.f<queue.r) { p=queue.vec[queue.f]; queue.f=queue.f+1; if(p->lchild) { printf( "%c " ,p->lchild->data); queue.vec[queue.r]=p->lchild; queue.r=queue.r+1; } if(p->rchild) { printf( "%c " ,p->rchild->data); queue.vec[queue.r]=p->rchild; queue.r=queue.r+1; } } printf( "\n" ); } //求二叉树的深度 int Depth(BiTNode *T) { int dep1,dep2; if(T== NULL ) return (0); else { dep1=Depth(T->lchild); dep2=Depth(T->rchild); if(dep1>dep2) return (dep1+1); else return (dep2+1); } } //输出二叉树 void Disptree(BiTNode *T) { if(T) { printf( "%c" ,T->data); if(T->lchild || T->rchild) { printf( "(" ); Disptree(T->lchild); if(T->rchild) printf( "," ); Disptree(T->rchild); printf( ")" ); } } } |
main.cpp
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void main() { BiTree T=NULL; char j; int sign = 1; printf ( "本程序可以进行建立二叉树、递归与非递归先序、中序、后序遍历二叉树、层次遍历二叉树、输出二叉树的扩展序列的操作。\n" ); printf ( "请将二叉树的先序序列输入以建立二叉树,叶子节点用空格代替。\n" ); printf ( "您必须一个一个地输入字符。\n" ); while (sign) { printf ( "请选择: \n" ); printf ( "0.生成二叉树 1.求二叉树的深度\n" ); printf ( "2.递归先序遍历 3.非递归先序遍历\n" ); printf ( "4.递归中序遍历 5.非递归中序遍历\n" ); printf ( "6.递归后序遍历 7.非递归后序遍历\n" ); printf ( "8.层次遍历 9.输出二叉树的广义表形式\n" ); printf ( "q.退出程序\n" ); scanf ( "%c" ,&j); getchar (); switch (j) { case '0' : printf ( "生成二叉树:" ); CreateBiTree(&T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); break ; case '1' : if (T) { printf ( "此二叉树的深度为:" ); printf ( "%d" ,Depth(T)); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '2' : if (T) { printf ( "递归先序遍历二叉树:" ); Preorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '3' : if (T) { printf ( "非递归先序遍历二叉树:" ); NPreorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '4' : if (T) { printf ( "递归中序遍历二叉树:" ); Inorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '5' : if (T) { printf ( "非递归中序遍历二叉树:" ); NInorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '6' : if (T) { printf ( "递归后序遍历二叉树:" ); Postorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '7' : if (T) { printf ( "非递归后序遍历二叉树:" ); NPostorder(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '8' : if (T) { printf ( "层次遍历二叉树:" ); Translever(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; case '9' : if (T) { printf ( "输出二叉树:" ); Disptree(T); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "\n" ); } else printf ( "二叉树为空!\n" ); break ; default : sign=0; printf ( "程序运行结束,按任意键退出!\n" ); } } } |
示例:
转换成双向链表
先序列:H F C D M I N
中序列:C F D H I M N
后序列:C D F I N M H
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#include <iostream> using namespace std; struct BSTreeNode{ char m_val; BSTreeNode *m_pLeft; BSTreeNode *m_pRight; }; BSTreeNode *pHead; //链表显示的头结点 BSTreeNode *pListIndex; //游标指针 void showOrderLiust(BSTreeNode *pCurrent); void createBSTree(BSTreeNode *&pCurrent, char ch) { if (NULL == pCurrent) { pCurrent = new BSTreeNode; pCurrent->m_val = ch; pCurrent->m_pLeft = NULL; pCurrent->m_pRight = NULL; } else { if (pCurrent->m_val > ch) { createBSTree(pCurrent->m_pLeft,ch); } else if (pCurrent->m_val < ch) { createBSTree(pCurrent->m_pRight,ch); } else { return ; } } } //遍历二叉树/*先序遍历*/ void PreOrderTraverse(BSTreeNode *pCurrent) { if (NULL == pCurrent) { return ; } if (NULL!=pCurrent) { //先遍历根节点 cout<<pCurrent->m_val<<endl; //在遍历左节点 PreOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pLeft); //在遍历右节点 PreOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pRight); } } //中序遍历 void InOrderTraverse(BSTreeNode *pCurrent) { if (NULL == pCurrent) { return ; } if (NULL != pCurrent->m_pLeft) { InOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pLeft); } showOrderLiust(pCurrent); //在遍历右节点 if (NULL != pCurrent->m_pRight) { InOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pRight); } } //后序遍历 void EndOrderTraverse(BSTreeNode *pCurrent) { if (NULL == pCurrent) { return ; } if (NULL != pCurrent->m_pLeft) { EndOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pLeft); } cout<<pCurrent->m_val<<endl; //在遍历右节点 if (NULL != pCurrent->m_pRight) { EndOrderTraverse(pCurrent->m_pRight); } } /*该二元查找树转换成一个排序的双向链表。 要求不能创建任何新的结点,只调整指针的指向*/ void showOrderLiust(BSTreeNode *pCurrent) { pCurrent->m_pLeft = pListIndex; if (NULL != pListIndex) { pListIndex->m_pRight = pCurrent; } else { pHead = pCurrent; } pListIndex = pCurrent; cout<<pCurrent->m_val<<endl; } int main( int argc, char **argv) { BSTreeNode *pRoot = NULL; pHead = NULL; pListIndex = NULL; createBSTree(pRoot, 'H' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'F' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'C' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'D' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'M' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'I' ); createBSTree(pRoot, 'N' ); PreOrderTraverse(pRoot); InOrderTraverse(pRoot); EndOrderTraverse(pRoot); delete pRoot; return 0; } |
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原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/fanyun_01/article/details/57085668