本文实例讲述了python django框架应用中实现获取访问者ip地址。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
在django官方文档中有一段对request.meta的解释：
httprequest.meta
a standard python dictionary containing all available http headers. available headers depend on the client
and server, but here are some examples:
•content_length – the length of the request body (as a string).
•content_type – the mime type of the request body.
•http_accept – acceptable content types for the response.
•http_accept_encoding – acceptable encodings for the response.
•http_accept_language – acceptable languages for the response.
•http_host – the http host header sent by the client.
•http_referer – the referring page, if any.
•http_user_agent – the client's user-agent string.
•query_string – the query string, as a single (unparsed) string.
•remote_addr – the ip address of the client.
•remote_host – the hostname of the client.
•remote_user – the user authenticated by the web server, if any.
•request_method – a string such as "get" or "post".
•server_name – the hostname of the server.
•server_port – the port of the server (as a string).
with the exception of content_length and content_type, as given above, any http headers in the
request are converted to meta keys by converting all characters to uppercase, replacing any hyphens with
underscores and adding an http_ prefix to the name. so, for example, a header called x-bender would be
mapped to the meta key http_x_bender.
note that runserver strips all headers with underscores in the name, so you won't see them in meta. this
prevents header-spoofing based on ambiguity between underscores and dashes both being normalizing to under-
scores in wsgi environment variables. it matches the behavior of web servers like nginx and apache 2.4+.
然后我们来打印一下其中的条目进行验证：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
request_meta = request.metainfo = []for k, v in request_meta.items():info.append(k)print info>>>['wsgi.version', 'run_main', 'http_referer', 'http_host', 'server_protocol', 'server_software', 'script_name', 'lessopen', 'ssh_client', 'request_method', 'logname', 'user', 'home', 'query_string', 'path', 'mysql_database_uri', 'wsgi.errors', 'teradata_jackal_uri', 'lang', 'term', 'shell', 'tz', 'http_cookie', 'j2redir', 'remote_addr', 'shlvl', 'wsgi.url_scheme', 'http_via', 'server_port', 'wsgi.file_wrapper', 'java_home', 'content_length', 'http_connection', 'xdg_runtime_dir', 'teradata_password', 'pythonpath', 'comp_wordbreaks', 'virtual_env', u'csrf_cookie', 'j2sdkdir', 'wsgi.input', 'http_user_agent', 'ps1', 'wsgi.multithread', 'http_upgrade_insecure_requests', 'http_cache_control', 'xdg_session_id', '_', 'http_accept', 'derby_home', 'ssh_connection', 'lessclose', 'server_name', 'gateway_interface', 'http_x_forwarded_for', 'ssh_tty', 'oldpwd', 'wsgi.multiprocess', 'http_accept_language', 'wsgi.run_once', 'pwd', 'django_settings_module', 'content_type', 'teradata_simba_uri', 'mail', 'ls_colors', 'remote_host', 'http_accept_encoding', 'path_info'] |
通常访问者的ip会包含在上边的键值对中，我们可以通过一下方式获取ip：
通常访问者的ip就在其中，所以我们可以用下列方法获取用户的真实ip：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
#x-forwarded-for:简称xff头，它代表客户端，也就是http的请求端真实的ip，只有在通过了http 代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。def get_ip(request): x_forwarded_for = request.meta.get('http_x_forwarded_for') if x_forwarded_for: ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]#所以这里是真实的ip else: ip = request.meta.get('remote_addr')#这里获得代理ip return ip |
结合上一篇的日志模块，可以实现记录登陆用户的ip信息：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
remote_info = ''x_forwarded_for = request.meta.get('http_x_forwarded_for')if x_forwarded_for: remote_info = 'http_x_forwarded_for:' + x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]remote_addr = request.meta.get('remote_addr')if remote_addr: remote_info += ' remote_addr:' + remote_addrif pass_auth: user.last_login_at = timezone.now() try: user.save() except exception, msg: return jsonresponse({'result': 'error', 'message': str(msg)}) request.session['user_id'] = user_id request.session.set_expiry(9000) logger.info('[success] '+ user_id+' has logged in! '+remote_info) return jsonresponse({'result': 'success', 'message': 'login successfully.'})else: logger.warning('[failed] '+ user_id + ' failed to login! '+remote_info) return jsonresponse({'result': 'error', 'message': 'username or password is incorrect.'}) |
ps：这里再为大家推荐一款功能相似的在线工具供大家参考：
ip地址归属地在线查询工具：https://tool.zzvips.com/t/ip/
希望本文所述对大家基于django框架的python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lockey23/article/details/80903563
