链表的反转是一个很常见、很基础的数据结构题,输入一个单向链表,输出逆序反转后的链表,如图:上面的链表转换成下面的链表。实现链表反转有两种方式,一种是循环迭代,另外一种方式是递归。
第一种方式:循坏迭代
循坏迭代算法需要三个临时变量:pre、head、next,临界条件是链表为None或者链表就只有一个节点。
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# encoding: utf-8 class Node( object ): def __init__( self ): self .value = None self . next = None def __str__( self ): return str ( self .value) def reverse_loop(head): if not head or not head. next : return head pre = None while head: next = head. next # 缓存当前节点的向后指针,待下次迭代用 head. next = pre # 这一步是反转的关键,相当于把当前的向前指针作为当前节点的向后指针 pre = head # 作为下次迭代时的(当前节点的)向前指针 head = next # 作为下次迭代时的(当前)节点 return pre # 返回头指针,头指针就是迭代到最后一次时的head变量(赋值给了pre) |
测试一下:
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if __name__ = = '__main__' : three = Node() three.value = 3 two = Node() two.value = 2 two. next = three one = Node() one.value = 1 one. next = two head = Node() head.value = 0 head. next = one newhead = reverse_loop(head) while newhead: print (newhead.value, ) newhead = newhead. next |
输出:
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3 2 1 0 2 |
第二种方式:递归
递归的思想就是:
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head. next = None head. next . next = head. next head. next . next . next = head. next . next ... ... |
head的向后指针的向后指针转换成head的向后指针,依此类推。
实现的关键步骤就是找到临界点,何时退出递归。当head.next为None时,说明已经是最后一个节点了,此时不再递归调用。
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def reverse_recursion(head): if not head or not head. next : return head new_head = reverse_recursion(head. next ) head. next . next = head head. next = None return new_head |
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