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Java Socket实现Redis客户端的详细说明

时间:2021-08-06 17:46     来源/作者:卡卡西村长的小灶

Redis是最常见的缓存服务中间件,在java开发中,一般使用 jedis 来实现。

如果不想依赖第三方组件,自己实现一个简单的redis客户端工具,该如何实现呢?本文就是介绍这样一种方法。

Redis的协议非常简单,而且输入数据和输出数据都遵循统一的协议,具体规则参考这里:

http://redisdoc.com/topic/protocol.html

Redis的命令协议:

 

$参数数量n

$参数1的值的字节数组长度

$参数1的值的字符串表示

$参数2的值的字节数组长度

$参数2的值的字符串表示

...

$参数n的值的字节数组长度

$参数n的值的字符串表示

Redis的返回协议:

 

1、状态回复(status reply)的第一个字节是 "+",单行字符串;
2、错误回复(error reply)的第一个字节是 "-";
3、整数回复(integer reply)的第一个字节是 ":";
4、批量回复(bulk reply)的第一个字节是 "$";
5、多条批量回复(multi bulk reply)的第一个字节是 "*";
6、所有的命令都是以 \r\n 结尾。

Java代码说明

 

针对上述规则,我们用两个类来实现:

1、SimpleRedisClient类,主要用于发送请求,并读取响应结果(字符串);

整体比较简单,稍微复杂点的地方就是读取流数据,遇到两种情况就该结束循环,一是返回长度为-1,二是返回字符串以 \r\n 结尾。

如果处理不当,可能会导致 read 阻塞,Socket卡住。

2、SimpleRedisData类,用于解析响应结果,把redis统一协议的字符串,解析为具体的对象。

这部分代码完全是按照协议规则来实现的,通过一个游标 pos 来向前移动,在移动过程中识别不同格式的数据。

最复杂的是 list 类型的数据,以 * 开头,后面跟着一个整数,表示列表中所有元素的数量,然后就是每一个列表元素的值,循环解析即可。

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package demo;
 
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.List;
 
public class SimpleRedisClient implements Closeable {
 
    private String host;
    private int port;
    private String auth;
    private Socket socket = null;
 
    public SimpleRedisClient(String host, int port, String auth) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        this.auth = auth;
 
        try {
            socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port);
            socket.setSoTimeout(8 * 1000);//8秒
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            socket = null;
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public boolean connect() throws IOException {
        if (socket == null || auth == null || auth.length() <= 0) {
            return false;
        }
        String response = execute("AUTH", auth);
        if (response == null || response.length() <= 0) {
            return false;
        }
        String res = new SimpleRedisData(response).getString();
        return "OK".compareTo(res) == 0;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void close()  {
        try {
            if (socket != null) {
                socket.shutdownOutput();
                socket.close();
            }
            //System.out.println("closed");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public String getString(String key) {
        if (socket == null || key == null || key.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            String response = execute("GET", key);
            return new SimpleRedisData(response).getString();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    public String setString(String key, String value) {
        if (socket == null || key == null || key.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            String response = execute("SET", key, value);
            return new SimpleRedisData(response).getString();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    public String deleteKey(String key) throws IOException {
        if (socket == null || key == null || key.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        String response = execute("DEL", key);
        return new SimpleRedisData(response).getString();
    }
 
    public List<String> getKeys(String pattern) throws IOException {
        if (socket == null || pattern == null || pattern.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
 
        String response = execute("KEYS", pattern);
        return new SimpleRedisData(response).getStringList();
    }
 
    public String execute(String... args) throws IOException {
        if (socket == null || args == null || args.length <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
 
        //System.out.println(StringUtil.join(args, " "));
 
        StringBuilder request = new StringBuilder();
        request.append("*" + args.length).append("\r\n");//参数的数量
 
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            request.append("$" + args[i].getBytes("utf8").length).append("\r\n");//参数的长度
            request.append(args[i]).append("\r\n");//参数的内容
        }
 
        socket.getOutputStream().write(request.toString().getBytes());
        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
 
        StringBuilder reply = new StringBuilder();
        int bufSize = 1024;
        while (true) {
            byte[] buf = new byte[bufSize];
            int len = socket.getInputStream().read(buf);
            if (len < 0) {
                break;
            }
            String str = new String(buf, 0, len);
            reply.append(str);
            if (str.endsWith("\r\n")) {
                break;
            }
        }
 
        String response = reply.toString();
        //System.out.println("response: " + response);
        return response;
    }
 
 
}
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package demo;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class SimpleRedisData {
 
    public SimpleRedisData(String rawData) {
        this.rawData = rawData;
        //System.out.println(rawData);
    }
 
    private int pos;
    private String rawData;
 
    public String getString() {
        if (rawData == null || rawData.length() <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        int i = rawData.indexOf("\r\n", pos);
        if (i <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        char c = rawData.charAt(pos);
        if (c == '+') {
            int from = pos + 1;
            int to = i;
            String v = rawData.substring(from, to);
            pos = to + 2;
            return v;
        } else if (c == '-') {
            int from = pos + 1;
            int to = i;
            String v = rawData.substring(from, to);
            pos = to + 2;
            return v;
        } else if (c == ':') {
            int from = pos + 1;
            int to = i;
            String v = rawData.substring(from, to);
            pos = to + 2;
            return v;
        } else if (c == '$') {
            int from = pos + 1;
            int to = i;
            int bulkSize = Integer.parseInt(rawData.substring(from, to));
            pos = to + 2;
 
            from = pos;
            to = pos + bulkSize;
            try {
                //$符号后面的数值是指内容的字节长度,而不是字符数量,所以要转换为二进制字节数组,再取指定长度的数据
                byte[] buf = rawData.substring(from).getBytes("utf-8");
                String v = new String(buf, 0, bulkSize);
                pos = to + 2;
                return v;
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    public List<String> getStringList() {
        if (rawData == null || rawData.length() <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        int i = rawData.indexOf("\r\n", pos);
        if (i <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        char c = rawData.charAt(pos);
        if (c == '*') {
            List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();
            int from = pos + 1;
            int to = i;
            int multSize = Integer.parseInt(rawData.substring(from, to));
            pos = to + 2;
            for (int index = 0; index < multSize; index++) {
                values.add(getString());
            }
            return values;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
 
}
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package demo;
 
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
import java.util.List;
 
public class RedisTest {
 
    @Test
    public void test() {
        SimpleRedisClient client = null;
        try {
            client = new SimpleRedisClient("127.0.0.1", 6379, "123456");
            System.out.println("connected: " + client.connect());
 
            List<String> keyList = client.getKeys("api_*");
 
            for (int i = 0; i < keyList.size(); i++) {
                System.out.println((i + 1) + "\t" + keyList.get(i));
            }
 
           System.out.println("keys: " + keyList != null ? keyList.size() : "null");
 
           System.out.println(client.getString("api_getCustomerName"));
 
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (client != null) {
                client.close();
            }
        }
    }
 
}

优点:

1、不依赖任何第三方组件,可以顺利编译通过;

2、代码极其简单。

不足之处:

1、未考虑并发访问;

2、未提供更多的数据类型,以及读写方法,大家可以在此基础上包装一下。

以上就是如何用Java Socket实现一个简单的Redis客户端的详细内容,更多关于Java Socket Redis客户端的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/lavezhang/archive/2021/05/26/14810078.html

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