实际开发中,有时候系统提供的异常类型不能满足开发的需求。这时候你可以通过创建一个新的异常类来拥有自己的异常。异常类继承自 exception 类,可以直接继承,或者间接继承。
常见的内置异常有:
1.自定义异常类型
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#1.用户自定义异常类型,只要该类继承了exception类即可,至于类的主题内容用户自定义,可参考官方异常类 class toolongexceptin(exception): "this is user's exception for check the length of name " def __init__( self ,leng): self .leng = leng def __str__( self ): print ( "姓名长度是" + str ( self .leng) + ",超过长度了" ) |
2.如何手动抛出异常:raise
系统的自带的异常只要触发会自动抛出,比如nameerror,但用户自定义的异常需要用户自己决定什么时候抛出。
raise 唯一的一个参数指定了要被抛出的异常。它必须是一个异常的实例或者是异常的类(也就是 exception 的子类)。大多数的异常的名字都以"error"结尾,所以实际命名时尽量跟标准的异常命名一样。
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#1.用户自定义异常类型 class toolongexceptin(exception): "this is user's exception for check the length of name " def __init__( self ,leng): self .leng = leng def __str__( self ): print ( "姓名长度是" + str ( self .leng) + ",超过长度了" ) #2.手动抛出用户自定义类型异常 def name_test(): name = input ( "enter your naem:" ) if len (name)> 4 : raise toolongexceptin( len (name)) #抛出异常很简单,使用raise即可,但是没有处理,即捕捉 else : print (name) #调用函数,执行 name_test() - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 执行时满足条件后抛出一个用户定义的异常如下: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - enter your naem:是打发斯蒂芬 traceback (most recent call last): 姓名长度是 6 ,超过长度了 file "d:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/class_demo/extion_demo.py" , line 21 , in <module> name_test() __main__.toolongexceptin: <exception str () failed> |
3.捕捉用户手动抛出的异常
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#1.捕捉用户手动抛出的异常,跟捕捉系统异常方式一样 def name_test(): try : name = input ( "enter your naem:" ) if len (name)> 4 : raise toolongexceptin( len (name)) else : print (name) except toolongexceptin,e_result: #这里异常类型是用户自定义的 print ( "捕捉到异常了" ) print ( "打印异常信息:" ,e_result) #调用函数,执行 name_test() = = = = = = = = = = 执行结果如下: = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = enter your naem:aaafsdf 捕捉到异常了 traceback (most recent call last): 打印异常信息: 姓名长度是 7 ,超过长度了 姓名长度是 7 ,超过长度了 file "d:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/class_demo/extion_demo.py" , line 16 , in name_test raise toolongexceptin( len (name)) __main__.toolongexceptin: <exception str () failed> during handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: traceback (most recent call last): file "d:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/class_demo/extion_demo.py" , line 26 , in <module> name_test() file "d:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/class_demo/extion_demo.py" , line 22 , in name_test print ( "打印异常信息:" ,e_result) typeerror: __str__ returned non - string ( type nonetype) |
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/ywxbbbbb/p/9958613.html