前言
oracle data guard是oracle maa(maximum availability architecture)中的成员之一。从oracle 7i版本开始推出standby database的概念,慢慢受到大家的欢迎。随着oracle数据库版本的更迭,搭建备库的方式多种多样。今天介绍一种创建物理备库的新方式,从12c版本开始推出:使用 dbca 命令行。
dbca -createduplicatedb -createasstandby -dbuniquename
优缺点:方便快捷,搭建速度较快。但是会影响主库的性能,执行过程报错不方便排查。
具体命令可参考:
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dbca -silent -createduplicatedb -gdbname global_database_name -primarydbconnectionstring easy_connect_string_to_primary -sid database_system_identifier [-createasstandby [-dbuniquename db_unique_name_for_standby]] [-customscripts scripts_list] |
更详细参数可参考:the createduplicatedb command creates a duplicate of an oracle database.
12.2.0.1开始支持dbca创建物理备库:
主库必须是单机环境,非rac数据库。
主库必须是非cdb环境。
18c之后,以上限制已经取消,支持主库是cdb和rac环境。
一、环境准备
环境安装过程忽略,可参考:
30分钟!一键部署oracle 19c单机cdb+pdb
本次测试尽量按照生产环境升级进行模拟:
节点 | 主机版本 | 主机名 | 实例名 | oracle版本 | ip地址 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rac01 | rhel7.9 | rac01 | cdb19c | 19.3.0(补丁 29585399) | 10.211.55.100 |
rac02 | rhel7.9 | rac02 | orcl+cdb19c | 19.3.0(补丁 29585399) | 10.211.55.101 |
备库 | rhel7.9 | dbca_stby | 不创建实例 | 19.3.0(补丁 29585399) | 10.211.55.110 |
注意:
1、db_unique_name主备库不能相同。
2、db_name主备库需保持一致。
3、主备库db版本需保持一致。
oracle测试环境安装:
可参考:dba运维福音:10分钟,linux一行命令安装oracle数据库
主库rac环境一键安装:
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./oracleshellinstall.sh -i 10.211.55.100 `# public ip`\ -n rac `# hostname`\ -c true `# cdb`\ -pb orcl `# pdb`\ -o cdb19c `# oraclesid`\ -rs oracle `# root password `\ -op oracle `# oracle password `\ -gp oracle `# grid password `\ -b /u01/app `# install basedir`\ -s al32utf8 `# characterset`\ -pb1 10.211.55.100 -pb2 10.211.55.101 `# node public ip`\ -vi1 10.211.55.102 -vi2 10.211.55.103 `# node virtual ip`\ -pi1 1.1.1.1 -pi2 1.1.1.2 `# node private ip`\ -si 10.211.55.105 `# scan ip`\ -dd /dev/sdc `# asm data disk`\ -od /dev/sdb `# asm ocr disk`\ - or external `# asm ocr redundancy`\ -dr external `# asm data redundancy`\ - on ocr `# asm ocr diskgroupname`\ -dn data `# asm data diskgroupname`\ -puf eth0 -prf eth1 `# network fcname`\ -tsi 10.211.55.200 `# timeserver`\ -gpa 32545008 `# grid psu number` |
备库一键安装:(备库仅安装oracle软件,不建库)
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./oracleshellinstall.sh -i 10.211.55.110 -n dbca_stby -o cdb19c -opa 32545013 -w y |
二、adg搭建准备
a.配置hosts文件
主库:
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cat <<eof >> /etc/hosts ## for dg begin 10.211.55.110 dbca_stby ## for dg end eof |
备库:
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cat <<eof >> /etc/hosts ## for dg begin 10.211.55.100 rac01 10.211.55.101 rac02 10.211.55.105 rac-scan ## for dg end eof |
b.配置静态监听和tns
listener.ora增加静态监听:
grid用户执行:
rac01
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cat <<eof >> $tns_admin/listener.ora ## for dg begin sid_list_listener = (sid_list = (sid_desc = (global_dbname = cdb19c) (oracle_home = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db) (sid_name = cdb19c1) ) ) ## for dg end eof |
rac02
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cat <<eof >> $tns_admin/listener.ora ## for dg begin sid_list_listener = (sid_list = (sid_desc = (global_dbname = cdb19c) (oracle_home = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db) (sid_name = cdb19c2) ) ) ## for dg end eof |
备库
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cat <<eof >>$tns_admin/listener.ora ## for dg begin sid_list_listener = (sid_list = (sid_desc = (global_dbname = cdb19c_stby) (oracle_home = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db) (sid_name = cdb19c_stby) ) ) ## for dg end eof |
重启监听
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#主库rac重启监听 srvctl stop listener srvctl start listener ##备库重启监听 lsnrctl start |
tnsnames.ora增加tns:
oracle用户执行:
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cat <<eof >> $tns_admin/tnsnames.ora ## for dg begin cdb19c = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = rac-scan)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = cdb19c) ) ) cdb19c1 = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = rac01)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = cdb19c) ) ) cdb19c2 = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = rac02)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = cdb19c) ) ) cdb19c_stby = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = dbca_stby)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = cdb19c_stby) ) ) ## for dg begin eof |
tnsping测试连通性:
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tnsping cdb19c tnsping cdb19c1 tnsping cdb19c2 tnsping cdb19c_stby |
c.主库配置参数
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sql> select force_logging,log_mode,cdb from gv$ database ; force_logging log_mode cdb --------------------------------------- yes archivelog yes |
如果没有开启强制日志:
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alter database force logging; |
如果没有开启归档日志:
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shutdown immediate startup mount alter database archivelog; alter database open ; alter pluggable database all open ; |
d.主库添加stanby log文件
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set line222 col member for a60 select t2.thread#,t1. group #,t1.member,t2.bytes/1024/1024 from v$logfile t1,v$log t2 where t1. group #=t2. group # order by 1,2; |
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--需要注意: --1.stanby log日志大小至少要和redo log日志一样大小,不能小于 --2.stanby log数量: standby logfile=(1+logfile组数)=(1+2)=3组,每个thread需要加3组standby logfile. --3.thread要与redo log保持一致,如果是rac,需要增加多个thread对应的standby log alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 ( '+data' ) size 120m, group 6 ( '+data' ) size 120m, group 7 ( '+data' ) size 120m; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 ( '+data' ) size 120m, group 9 ( '+data' ) size 120m, group 10 ( '+data' ) size 120m; |
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select t2.thread#,t1. group #,t1.member,t2.bytes/1024/1024 from v$logfile t1,v$standby_log t2 where t1. group #=t2. group # order by 1,2; |
三、dbca创建物理备库
oracle用户执行:
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dbca -silent -createduplicatedb \ -gdbname cdb19c \ -sid cdb19c \ -syspassword oracle \ -primarydbconnectionstring 10.211.55.105:1521/cdb19c \ -nodelist dbca_stby \ -databaseconfigtype single \ -createasstandby -dbuniquename cdb19c_stby \ -datafiledestination '/oradata' |
dbca物理dg创建成功。
四、配置主库+备库dg参数
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--主库设置dg参数 alter system set log_archive_config= 'dg_config=(cdb19c,cdb19c_stby)' sid= '*' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=+data valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=cdb19c' sid= '*' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'service=cdb19c_stby async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=cdb19c_stby' sid= '*' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable sid= '*' ; alter system set log_archive_max_processes=4 sid= '*' ; alter system set fal_server=cdb19c_stby sid= '*' ; alter system set fal_client=cdb19c sid= '*' ; alter system set db_file_name_convert= '+data' , '/oradata/cdb19c_stby' scope=spfile sid= '*' ; alter system set log_file_name_convert= '+data' , '/oradata/cdb19c_stby' scope=spfile sid= '*' ; alter system set standby_file_management=auto sid= '*' ; |
注意:rac修改参数需要加上 sid='*'
,修改多个实例。
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--备库设置dg参数 alter system set log_archive_config= 'dg_config=(cdb19c_stby,cdb19c)' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=cdb19c_stby' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'service=cdb19c async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=cdb19c' ; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable; alter system set log_archive_max_processes=4; alter system set fal_server=cdb19c; alter system set fal_client=cdb19c_stby; alter system set db_file_name_convert= '/oradata/cdb19c_stby' , '+data' scope=spfile; alter system set log_file_name_convert= '/oradata/cdb19c_stby' , '+data' scope=spfile; alter system set standby_file_management=auto; |
查看omf参数配置:
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show parameter db_create_file_dest |
注意:如果同时设置omg和db_file_name_convert参数,则优先omf参数。
五、开启日志应用
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##备库执行 alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; ##主库执行 alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable sid= '*' ; |
六、测试同步
主库创建测试数据:
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alter session set container=orcl; |
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sqlplus lucifer/lucifer@orcl |
备库查看是否同步:
至此,adg已搭建完毕。感谢食用~
参考文章:
官方文档12c:using dbca to create a data guard standby 12c
官方文档19c:using dbca to create a data guard standby 19c
官方文档21c:using dbca to create a data guard standby 21c
mos文档:creating a physical standby database using dbca duplicate (doc id 2283697.1)
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50546016/article/details/117607801