相对于echarts
等基于JavaScript
的图表库,matplotlib
的交互能力相对较差。
在实际应用中,我们经常想使用十字光标来定位数据坐标,matplotlib
内置提供支持。
官方示例
matplotlib
提供了官方示例https://matplotlib.org/gallery/widgets/cursor.html
- from matplotlib.widgets import Cursor
- import numpy as np
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- # Fixing random state for reproducibility
- np.random.seed(19680801)
- fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
- ax = fig.add_subplot(111, facecolor='#FFFFCC')
- x, y = 4*(np.random.rand(2, 100) - .5)
- ax.plot(x, y, 'o')
- ax.set_xlim(-2, 2)
- ax.set_ylim(-2, 2)
- # Set useblit=True on most backends for enhanced performance.
- cursor = Cursor(ax, useblit=True, color='red', linewidth=2)
- plt.show()
原理
由源码可知,实现十字光标的关键在于widgets
模块中的Cursor
类。
class matplotlib.widgets.Cursor(ax, horizOn=True, vertOn=True, useblit=False, **lineprops)
-
ax
:参数类型matplotlib.axes.Axes
,即需要添加十字光标的子图。 -
horizOn
:布尔值,是否显示十字光标中的横线,默认值为显示。 -
vertOn
:布尔值,是否显示十字光标中的竖线,默认值为显示。 -
useblit
:布尔值,是否使用优化模式,默认值为否,优化模式需要后端支持。 -
**lineprops
:十字光标线形属性, 参见axhline
函数支持的属性,https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.axhline.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.axhline
。
简化案例
光标改为灰色竖虚线,线宽为1。
- from matplotlib.widgets import Cursor
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- ax = plt.gca()
- cursor = Cursor(ax, horizOn=False, vertOn= True, useblit=False, color='grey', linewidth=1,linestyle='--')
- plt.show()
## Cursor
类源码
- class Cursor(AxesWidget):
- """
- A crosshair cursor that spans the axes and moves with mouse cursor.
- For the cursor to remain responsive you must keep a reference to it.
- Parameters
- ----------
- ax : `matplotlib.axes.Axes`
- The `~.axes.Axes` to attach the cursor to.
- horizOn : bool, default: True
- Whether to draw the horizontal line.
- vertOn : bool, default: True
- Whether to draw the vertical line.
- useblit : bool, default: False
- Use blitting for faster drawing if supported by the backend.
- Other Parameters
- ----------------
- **lineprops
- `.Line2D` properties that control the appearance of the lines.
- See also `~.Axes.axhline`.
- Examples
- --------
- See :doc:`/gallery/widgets/cursor`.
- """
- def __init__(self, ax, horizOn=True, vertOn=True, useblit=False,
- **lineprops):
- AxesWidget.__init__(self, ax)
- self.connect_event('motion_notify_event', self.onmove)
- self.connect_event('draw_event', self.clear)
- self.visible = True
- self.horizOn = horizOn
- self.vertOn = vertOn
- self.useblit = useblit and self.canvas.supports_blit
- if self.useblit:
- lineprops['animated'] = True
- self.lineh = ax.axhline(ax.get_ybound()[0], visible=False, **lineprops)
- self.linev = ax.axvline(ax.get_xbound()[0], visible=False, **lineprops)
- self.background = None
- self.needclear = False
- def clear(self, event):
- """Internal event handler to clear the cursor."""
- if self.ignore(event):
- return
- if self.useblit:
- self.background = self.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax.bbox)
- self.linev.set_visible(False)
- self.lineh.set_visible(False)
- def onmove(self, event):
- """Internal event handler to draw the cursor when the mouse moves."""
- if self.ignore(event):
- return
- if not self.canvas.widgetlock.available(self):
- return
- if event.inaxes != self.ax:
- self.linev.set_visible(False)
- self.lineh.set_visible(False)
- if self.needclear:
- self.canvas.draw()
- self.needclear = False
- return
- self.needclear = True
- if not self.visible:
- return
- self.linev.set_xdata((event.xdata, event.xdata))
- self.lineh.set_ydata((event.ydata, event.ydata))
- self.linev.set_visible(self.visible and self.vertOn)
- self.lineh.set_visible(self.visible and self.horizOn)
- self._update()
- def _update(self):
- if self.useblit:
- if self.background is not None:
- self.canvas.restore_region(self.background)
- self.ax.draw_artist(self.linev)
- self.ax.draw_artist(self.lineh)
- self.canvas.blit(self.ax.bbox)
- else:
- self.canvas.draw_idle()
- return False
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/mighty13/article/details/112136779