python制作微博图片爬取工具

import json
import random
import re
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
import requests
import threading
from PIL import Image,ImageTk

"""
1.07使用check button 实现下载完打开文件夹操作，注册了enter、esc热键，优化了一些体验
1.08 1.更新了关键字、磁盘、用户判断逻辑
   2.将之前的线程池改为多线程来执行下载操作
1.13说明：如果在下载过程变慢，可能是软件正在解析图片地址或者就是您的网络不行
"""
class WeiBo_pics_Spider(object):
  def __init__(self,start_url):
    self.start_url=start_url

  #解析出图片地址
  def get_pics_url(self):
    i = 1
    global a_flag
    a_flag = True
    while True:
      url = self.start_url + "&page={}".format(i)
      headers = {"User-Agent": get_ua()}
      r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
      _json = json.loads(r.text)
      items = _json["data"]["cards"]
      flag = _json["ok"]
      if flag == 1 and a_flag: # 爬取数据标志+一个手动控制标志
        for v in items:
          picslist = v.get("mblog")
          if picslist is not None:
            img_urls = picslist.get("pics")
            if img_urls != None:
              for img_url_ in img_urls:
                img_url = img_url_["large"]["url"]
                yield img_url
      else:
        #1.06页数显示出现问题
        t1.insert(END, f"***在第{i}页终止***
")
        t1.see(END)
        t1.update()
        if r1_var.get() == 1:
          big_dir=disk+":/WeiBo_Pics"
          os.startfile(big_dir)
        break
      i += 1
  #下载图片
  def download_pics(self,url,filename):
    headers={"User-Agent": get_ua()}
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    big_dir=disk+":/WeiBo_Pics"
    aim_path=big_dir+"/"+user_name_selected
    try:
      os.makedirs(aim_path)
    except:
      pass
    with open(aim_path + "\" + filename, "wb")as f:
      f.write(r.content)
      # 保证焦点始终在最下
      t1.see(END)
      # 下载完一张刷新一次 防止界面卡死崩溃
      t1.insert(END, f"{filename}
")
      window.update()


def get_ua():
  first_num = random.randint(55, 62)
  third_num = random.randint(0, 3200)
  fourth_num = random.randint(0, 140)
  os_type = [
    "(Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)", "(Windows NT 10.0; WOW64)", "(X11; Linux x86_64)",
    "(Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6)"
  ]
  chrome_version = "Chrome/{}.0.{}.{}".format(first_num, third_num, fourth_num)

  ua = " ".join(["Mozilla/5.0", random.choice(os_type), "AppleWebKit/537.36",
          "(KHTML, like Gecko)", chrome_version, "Safari/537.36"]
         )
  return ua


def wb_search():
  #先清空lsibox1内容，便于新内容显示
  listb1.delete(0,END)
  url1="https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=100103type%3D3%26q%3D{}%26t%3D0"
  headers={"User-Agent":get_ua()}
  key_word = e1.get()
  global user_id_list
  user_id_list=list()
  if len(key_word)!=0:
    #若用户输入了user_id，则去获取screen_name
    if re.match("d{10}",key_word):
      user_id_list.append(key_word)
      url2 = f"https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?uid={key_word}&containerid=100505{key_word}"
      r1 = requests.get(url2, headers=headers)
      _data = json.loads(r1.text)
      screen_name = _data["data"]["userInfo"].get("screen_name")
      l3.place(x=120, y=42)
      l3_var.set(f"搜索成功")
      l3["background"] = "green"
      listb1.insert(END, screen_name)
    #否则根据关键字去搜索用户信息，显示在listbox中
    else:
      aim_url=url1.format(key_word)
      r=requests.get(aim_url,headers=headers)
      _json=json.loads(r.text)
      try:
        #若出现了IndexError则表明没有检索到用户信息
        users=_json["data"]["cards"][1].get("card_group")
        relevant_num=len(users)
        l3.place(x=105, y=42)
        l3_var.set(f"搜索到了 {relevant_num} 个用户")
        l3["background"]="green"
        for user_ in users:
          user_info=user_.get("user")
          user_name=user_info.get("screen_name")
          id = user_info.get("id")
          """
          1.02的一种思路，使用一个列表存储screen_name和uid，两者用;(自定义字符，但应避免较少冲突)
          当获取Uid时，直接切割字符串，取Listbox所选项索引，按索引在列表表值（uid）
          #使用字符串拼接 格式：screen_name+";"+str(id)
          # user_data = user_name + ";" + str(id)
          """
          user_id_list.append(id)
          listb1.insert(END,user_name)
      except IndexError:#如果没有检索到用户，就会报列表索引错误
        messagebox.showinfo(title="提示", message="没有检索到相关用户，请更换关键字或使用用户id搜索！")
        l3.place(x=85, y=42)
        l3_var.set(f"请更换关键字或用户id搜索！")
        l3["background"]="yellow"
        #没有检索到用户的话，提示之后，e1获得焦点之后，清除用户之前输入
        e1.bind("WM_TAKE_FOCUS", e1_clear())
  else:#处理没有输入关键字
    messagebox.showinfo(title="info",message="请输入关键字！")
    l3.place(x=110, y=42)
    l3_var.set(f"请输入关键字！")
    l3["background"] = "red"

def wb_pics_parse():
  key_word=e1.get()
  select_path=c1.get()
  #1.先判断关键字是否输入
  if len(key_word)!=0:
    #2.再判断是否选择了磁盘
    if len(select_path)==1:
      #3.判断所选路径是否存在
      if not os.path.exists(select_path):
        #4.判断是否在列表框选择了用户名
        try:
          # 直接获取选中项目
          """1.05获取Listbox user_name_selected真费劲"""
          global user_name_selected
          user_name_selected=listb1.get(listb1.curselection())
          user_name_index = listb1.curselection()[0]
          user_id = user_id_list[user_name_index]
          container_id = "107603" + str(user_id)
          start_url = f"https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid={container_id}"
          spider = WeiBo_pics_Spider(start_url)
          t1.config(state="normal") # 将Text开启，置为可读可写状态
          l3.place(x=120, y=42)
          l3_var.set(f"正在运行......")
          l3["background"] = "green"
          for pic_url in spider.get_pics_url():
            filename = pic_url.split("/")[-1]
            # 字符串切割，切割出前10个字符串
            filename = filename[10:]
            thread_it(spider.download_pics,pic_url,filename)

        #搜索后，但是没选择用户，会报TclError错误，此except就用来捕获这个异常
        except TclError:
          messagebox.showwarning(title="警告", message="请选择一个用户！")
          l3.place(x=105, y=42)
          l3_var.set(f"请选择一个用户！")
          l3["background"] = "red"

        #获取当前选中项目(使用索引)
      else:
        messagebox.showwarning(title="警告",message="请检查路径！")
        l3.place(x=80, y=42)
        l3_var.set(f"请检查路径！")
        l3["background"] = "red"
    else:
      messagebox.showwarning(title="警告", message="您未选择磁盘!")
      l3.place(x=85, y=42)
      l3_var.set(f"请检查是否选择了磁盘！")
      l3["background"] = "red"
  else:
    messagebox.showwarning(title="警告", message="请输入关键字！")
    l3.place(x=110, y=42)
    l3_var.set(f"请输入关键字！")
    l3["background"] = "red"

def open_disk():
  disk=c1.get()
  big_dir=disk+":/WeiBo_Pics"
  if len(disk)==1:
    try:
      if not os.path.exists(big_dir):
        os.mkdir(big_dir)
      os.startfile(big_dir)
    except:
      messagebox.showwarning(title="警告",message="选中的磁盘不存在！")
      l3.place(x=110, y=42)
      l3_var.set(f"选中的磁盘不存在！")
      l3["background"] = "red"
  else:
    messagebox.showwarning(title="警告", message="您未选中磁盘！")
    l3.place(x=115, y=42)
    l3_var.set(f"您未选中磁盘！")
    l3["background"] = "red"


def window_quit():
  ret=messagebox.askyesno(title="提示",message="是否要退出？")
  if ret==True:
    window.destroy()
    window.quit()


def e1_clear():
  e1.delete(0,END)

def print_path(event):
  #要使用完整的路径
  global disk
  disk = c1.get()
  disk_path=c1.get()+":/"
  if len(disk)==1:
    if os.path.exists(disk_path):
      messagebox.showinfo(title="提示",message=f"文件将存储到：{disk}:/WeiBo_Pics目录下")
    else:
      messagebox.showerror(title="错误",message="选定磁盘不存在!")
      l3.place(x=100, y=42)
      l3_var.set(f"选中的磁盘不存在！")
      l3["background"] = "red"
  else:
    messagebox.showwarning(title="警告", message="请先选定磁盘！")
    l3.place(x=120, y=42)
    l3_var.set(f"请先选定磁盘！")
    l3["background"] = "red"

def switch():
  if r1_var.get()==0:
    r1_var.set(1)
  else:
    r1_var.set(0)


def escape(event):
  window_quit()

def enter(event):
  wb_search()

"""解决程序卡死的重要方法，避免子线程和Ui线程在同一个线程"""
def thread_it(func, *args):
  """将函数打包进线程"""
  # 创建
  t = threading.Thread(target=func, args=args)
  # 守护 !!!
  t.setDaemon(True)
  # 启动
  t.start()
  # 阻塞--卡死界面！
  # t.join()

window=Tk()
width=310
height=395
screenWidth = window.winfo_screenwidth() # 获取显示区域的宽度
screenHeight = window.winfo_screenheight() # 获取显示区域的高度
left = (screenWidth - width) / 2
top = (screenHeight - height) / 2
window.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (width, height, left, top))
window.resizable(0,0)
window.title("微博图片采集工具-v1.08")
#设置图标
ico_path=r"./rely/icon.ico"
window.iconbitmap(ico_path)
#插入图片到Label中
photo = Image.open("./rely/w_b.png") # 括号里为需要显示在图形化界面里的图片
photo = photo.resize((150, 40)) # 规定图片大小
img0 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(photo)
l1=ttk.Label(window,imag=img0,justify="center")
l1.pack()

l3_var=StringVar()
l3=ttk.Label(window,background="yellow",textvar=l3_var)
l3.place(x=120,y=42)
l3_var.set("还没搜索")


l1=ttk.Label(window,text="关键字或
用户id：")
l1.place(x=13,y=60)

e1=ttk.Entry(window,justify="center")
e1.place(x=80,y=65)


l4=ttk.Label(window,text="磁盘:")
l4.place(x=13,y=100)

disk_list=["C","D","E","F","G","H","I"]
c1=ttk.Combobox(window,justify="center",state="readonly",width=17,value=disk_list)
#Combobox默认选中索引为0的项目 即 C盘
c1.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", print_path)
c1.place(x=80,y=100)


r1_var=IntVar()
r1_var.set(1)#默认选中为1
check1=Checkbutton(window,text="下载完
打开文件夹",command=switch)
check1.place(x=223,y=90)


b1=ttk.Button(window,text="搜索",command=lambda:thread_it(wb_search),width=7)
b1.place(x=230,y=63)

l5=ttk.Label(window,text="用户列表:")
l5.place(x=13,y=150)
lb1_var=StringVar()
listb1=Listbox(window,justify="center",listvariable=lb1_var,width=20,height=4)
listb1.place(x=80,y=135)

b2=ttk.Button(window,text="开始爬取",command=lambda :thread_it(wb_pics_parse,),width=7)
b2.place(x=230,y=160)

l6=ttk.Label(window,text="状态：")
l6.place(x=13,y=280)

t1=Text(window,width=23,font=("times new roman",10),state="disable")
t1.place(x=80,y=230,height=140)

b3=ttk.Button(window,text=" 打开
文件夹",width=7,command=open_disk)
b3.place(x=230,y=230)

b3=ttk.Button(window,text="退出",width=7,command=window_quit)
b3.place(x=230,y=315)


f1 = ttk.LabelFrame(window)
f1.place(x=65,y=350)
l6=ttk.Label(f1,text="敬告：本软件仅供学习交流使用！",foreground="red")
l6.pack(anchor="w",fill=X)

#绑定esc键---退出
window.bind("<Escape>",escape)
#使用return键给输入框Entry绑定enter事件---search搜索
e1.bind("<Return>",enter)

#加入主窗口销毁事件
window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW",window_quit)
window.mainloop()