本文通过实例为大家分享了java实现图书管理系统的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
一、背景介绍
通过一段时间java编程的学习,需要一个比较综合的实例来进行编程的练习,是一个对前段时间所学内容进行总合提升的一个契机。选择了图书管理系统,会用到的javaSE知识有:变量、包、继承、类、接口、循环结构等。是一个很综合的典例。
二、核心需求
1.用户可以登录到系统上 分为 管理员、普通用户两种角色,这两种不同的角色根据自己的身份可以实现不同的操作。
普通用户
a)查阅某个书籍的信息
b)借阅书籍
c) 归还书籍
d)退出程序
管理员
a)查阅某个书籍的信息
b)增加书籍
c) 删除书籍
d)查看书籍列表
e)退出程序
程序框架结构图
三、代码以及详解
1.User类
- package booksystem;
- import booksystem.operation.IOperation;
- abstract public class User {
- protected String name;//定义书名
- protected IOperation[] operations;//定义一个接口数组
- public abstract int menu();//是用户和管理员的父类,不进行实例化,所以定义为抽象方法
- public void doOperation(int choice,BookList bookList){
- IOperation operation=this.operations[choice-1];
- operation.work(bookList);
- }
- }
User类是NormalUser类和Admin类的父类,由于不需要实例化,将menu()函数定义为了抽象函数。
2.NormalUser类
- package booksystem;
- import booksystem.operation.*;
- import booksystem.operation.IOperation;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class NormalUser extends User {
- public NormalUser(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- this.operations = new IOperation[]
- {
- new FindOperation(),
- new BorrowOperation(),
- new ReturnOperation(),
- new ExitOperation(),
- };
- }
- @Override
- public int menu(){
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
- System.out.println("Hello"+name+"Welcome to use booksyetem");
- System.out.println("1.查阅书籍信息");
- System.out.println("2.借阅书籍");
- System.out.println("3.归还书籍");
- System.out.println("4.退出系统");
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
- System.out.println("请输入您的选择:");
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- int choice=scanner.nextInt();
- return choice;//返回一个整型数
- }
- }
NormalUser类针对与普通用户而编写,在代码中定义了一个接口数组,在其中添加了普通用户需要用到的查阅、借阅、归还、退出系统的四大功能,在menu()函数中也按照同样的顺序,menu()函数是重写父类的,所以为了提醒编译器,在函数头前加上了 @Override进行提示。
3.Admin类
- package booksystem;
- import booksystem.operation.*;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class Admin extends User {
- public Admin(String name){
- this.name=name;
- this.operations=new IOperation[]{
- new FindOperation(),
- new AddOperation(),
- new DelOperation(),
- new DisplayOperation(),
- new ExitOperation(),
- };
- }
- @Override
- public int menu(){
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
- System.out.println("Hello"+name+"Welcome to use booksyetem");
- System.out.println("1.查阅书籍信息");
- System.out.println("2.新增书籍信息");
- System.out.println("3.删除书籍信息");
- System.out.println("4.退出系统");
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
- System.out.println("请输入您的选择:");
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- int choice=scanner.nextInt();
- return choice;
- }
- }
Admin类编写的思路和NormalUser类的思路相同,区别在于用户界面的不同,对应要使用的功能也不同,分别是查阅、新增、删除和退出系统。
4.Book类
- package booksystem;
- public class Book {
- private String name;
- private String author;
- private double price;
- private String type;
- private boolean isBorrowed = false;
- public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
- this.name = name;
- this.author = author;
- this.price = price;
- this.type = type;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Book{" +
- "name=" + name + '\'' + ",author" + author + '\'' + ",price=" + price + ",type='"
- + '\'' + type + '\'' + ",isBorrow=" + isBorrowed + '}';
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public boolean isBorrowed(){
- return isBorrowed;
- }
- public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed){
- isBorrowed=borrowed;
- }
- }
Book类针对书籍,定义了有关书的属性,作者、价格、名字、类别,重写了toString函数,以及对于书的几个常用的操作功能函数,getName,以及判读是否借出和定义书籍借出状态的函数。
5.BookList类
- package booksystem;
- public class BookList {
- private Book[] books=new Book[100];//定义一book数组
- private int size=0;
- public BookList(){
- books[0]=new Book("计算机网络教程","郝文源",125,"专业书籍");
- books[1]=new Book("盗墓笔记","南派三叔",150,"网络小说");
- books[2]=new Book("三体","刘慈欣",178,"科幻小说");
- size = 3;
- }//给book数组中初始化一些书
- public Book getBook(int index){
- return books[index];
- }
- public void setBook(int index,Book book)
- {
- books[index]=book;
- }
- public int getSize(){
- return size;
- }
- public void setSize(int size){
- this.size=size;
- }
- }
BookList类中定义了一个book数组,并给数组中初始化了一些书,定义了常用的功能函数
6.Main类
- package booksystem;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class Main {
- public static void main(String[] args){
- Object o=null;
- BookList booklist= new BookList();
- User user=login();//上转型,这里先调用了login()函数,返回一个Admin对象或NormalUser对象
- while(true){
- int choice=user.menu();
- user.doOperation(choice,booklist);
- }//在进行退出系统的功能时,会一直进行循环,menu()函数最终会返回一个整型数,对应选择操作中的一项
- }
- public static User login() {
- System.out.println("请输入您的姓名");
- Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
- String name = scanner.next();
- System.out.println("请输入您的角色:1 管理员 0 普通用户");//根据不同的选择创建对应的对象
- int who = scanner.nextInt();
- if (who == 1) {
- return new Admin(name);
- }
- return new NormalUser(name);
- }
- }
主函数中主要实现了login()函数,根据登录系统用户的选择,决定不同的身份,返回两种对象中的一种,在while循环中,只要不进行exit功能,循环便会一直执行。
7.IOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- public interface IOperation {
- void work(BookList bookList);
- }
9.AddOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.Book;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList){
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- System.out.println("新增书籍");
- System.out.println("请输入新书籍的名称");
- String name=scanner.next();
- System.out.println("请输入新书籍的作者");
- String author=scanner.next();
- System.out.println("请输入新书籍的价格");
- double price=scanner.nextDouble();
- System.out.println("请输入新书籍的类别");
- String type=scanner.next();
- Book newBook=new Book(name,author,price,type);
- int curSize=bookList.getSize();
- bookList.setBook(curSize,newBook);
- bookList.setSize(curSize+1);
- System.out.println("新增书籍成功");
- }
- }
10.BorrowOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.Book;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList)
- {
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- System.out.println("借阅书籍");
- System.out.println("请输入要借阅的书籍的名称");
- String name=scanner.next();
- int i=0;
- for(;i<bookList.getSize();i++)
- {
- if(bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)){
- break;
- }
- }
- if(i>=bookList.getSize()){
- System.out.println("未找到指定的书籍,无法借阅!");
- return;
- }
- Book currentBook=bookList.getBook(i);
- if(currentBook.isBorrowed()){
- System.out.println("该书籍已经被借出!");
- return;
- }
- bookList.getBook(i).setBorrowed(true);
- System.out.println("借书成功!");
- }
- }
11.DelOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList)
- {
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- System.out.println("删除书籍");
- System.out.println("请输入要删除的书籍的名称");
- String name=scanner.next();
- int i=0;
- for(;i<bookList.getSize();i++)
- {
- if(bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)){
- break;
- }
- }
- if(i>=bookList.getSize()){
- System.out.println("您输入的书籍在+"+name+"在系统中没有找到!删除失败!");
- return;
- }
- if(i==bookList.getSize()-1)
- {
- bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize()-1);
- System.out.println("删除成功!");
- return;
- }
- bookList.setBook(i,bookList.getBook(bookList.getSize()-1));
- bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize()-1);
- System.out.println("删除成功!");
- }
- }
13.ExitOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList)
- {
- System.out.println("退出程序");
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
14.FindOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList)
- {
- System.out.println("退出程序");
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
15.ReturnOperation
- package booksystem.operation;
- import booksystem.BookList;
- import booksystem.Book;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
- @Override
- public void work(BookList bookList){
- Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- System.out.println("归还书籍");
- System.out.println("请输入要还的书籍的名称");
- String name=scanner.next();
- int i=0;
- for(;i<bookList.getSize();i++)
- {
- Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
- if(book.getName().equals(i))
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- if(i>=bookList.getSize())
- {
- System.out.println("书籍没有找到,无法归还");
- return;
- }
- Book currentBook=bookList.getBook(i);
- if(!currentBook.isBorrowed())
- {
- System.out.println("这本书没有借出,无法归还");
- }
- currentBook.setBorrowed(false);
- System.out.println("归还书籍成功");
- return;
- }
- }
四、编程截图及测试图
包和类放置图
运行截图
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45742383/article/details/114379869