1.podman介绍
podman之前是CRI-O项目的一部分,后被分离成独立的项目libpod,libpod是一个创建容器pod的工具和库,podman是个无守护程序容器引擎,以root用户或无根模式运行,简而言之podman提供了一个docker-CLI的命令行,管理着容器
2.与docker相比的优势
docker劣势一:
docker大家都知道,其守护程序在多个核心上占用差不多高达100%cpu资源,采用C/S模型
podman优势一:
podman不需要守护进程,不需要root权限组,而且利用着用户命名空间(namespace)模拟容器中的root运行,采用fork/exec模型。
fork/exec模型相比C/S模型优势:
- 系统管理员知道某个容器由谁启动
- 利用cgroup对podman做限制,对应着创建的容器也会受到限制
- systemd单元文件的生成,可以管理着任务的启动与关闭
- socket激活,将socker从systemd发送给podman容器使用
3.兼容性
docker的功能大部分podman都是兼容的,也可以使用别名(alias)来写成docker的命令
4.后台服务单元文件的优先级
/usr/lib/systemd/user
:优先级最低,会被优先级高的同名 unit 覆盖 ~/.local/share/systemd/user
/etc/systemd/user
:全局共享的用户级 unit[s]
~/.config/systemd/user
:优先级最高
5.podman基本操作
安装
1
2
3
|
#默认centos源 [root@slave02 ~] # yum -y module install container-tools #容器工具基于模块 [root@slave02 ~] # yum -y install podman-docker #安装docker兼容包(可选) |
版本
1
2
|
[root@slave02 ~] # podman -v podman version 3.3 . 0 - dev |
仓库
官方仓库:registry.access.redhat.com
第三方仓库:docker.io
私有仓库:registry.lab.example.com
命令帮助
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
[root@slave02 ~] # podman help|head -15 Manage pods, containers and images Usage: podman [options] [command] Available Commands: attach Attach to a running container auto - update Auto update containers according to their auto - update policy build Build an image using instructions from Containerfiles commit Create new image based on the changed container #基于修改的容器创建新的容器 container Manage containers cp Copy files / folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create but do not start a container diff Display the changes to the object 's file system events Show podman events .... |
镜像加速器
修改配置文件:/etc/containers/registries.conf 即可
注意:不能带有httpds//:url格式
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
[root@slave02 ~] # cp /etc/containers/registries.conf /backup/registries.conf.back #备份一下 [root@slave02 ~] # vim /etc/containers/registries.conf unqualified - search - registries = [ "docker.io" ] #非限定搜索登记处 [[registry]] prefix = "docker.io" location = "x" #x是阿里加速镜像地址 |
拉取镜像
1
|
[root@slave02 ~]# podman pull nginx |
6.运行一个web容器
后台启动一个web容器,并访问容器内容
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
#准备html页面内容 [root@ 192 ~] # cat /opt/webhtml/index.html Go your own way, see your own scenery, surpass others without complacency, and be surpassed without losing ambition #运行一个守护web容器进程,将/opt/webhtml目录内容映射到容器的/usr/share/nginx/html存放网页的位置 [root@ 192 ~] # podman run -d --name web -p 8888:80 -v /opt/webhtml:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx 3528e6d5148bcf980f0df5708a82419d3485a33d1d16d722db3e880cc103cd2c [root@podman ~] # curl 192.168.136.129:8888 Go your own way, see your own scenery, surpass others without complacency, and be surpassed without losing ambition #容器的ip [root@podman ~] # podman inspect web|grep IPAddress "IPAddress" : "10.88.0.6" , "IPAddress" : "10.88.0.6" , #宿主机的ip [root@podman ~] # ip r 192.168 . 136.0 / 24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168 . 136.129 metric 100 #由于进行了端口绑定,所以直接 curl 192.168.136.129:8888即可访问 |
进入后台web容器,查看服务状态
1
2
3
|
[root@podman ~] # podman exec -it web bash root@ 3528e6d5148b : / # service nginx status [ ok ] nginx is running. #运行中 |
修改容器业务内容
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
#修改宿主机/opt/webhtml/index.html即可 [root@podman ~] # cat /opt/webhtml/index.html Go your own way, see your own scenery, surpass others without complacency, and be surpassed without losing ambitionRHCAS RHCE RHCA #进行访问 [root@podman ~] # curl 192.168.136.129:8888 Go your own way, see your own scenery, surpass others without complacency, and be surpassed without losing ambitionRHCAS RHCE RHCA #进入容器查看内容是否修改 [root@podman ~] # podman exec -it web bash root@ 3528e6d5148b : / # cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html Go your own way, see your own scenery, surpass others without complacency, and be surpassed without losing ambitionRHCAS RHCE RHCA |
暂停与删除容器
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
#暂停 [root@podman ~] # podman stop web web [root@podman ~] # podman ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3528e6d5148b docker.io / library / nginx:latest nginx - g daemon o... 25 minutes ago Exited ( 0 ) 16 seconds ago 0.0 . 0.0 : 8888 - > 80 / tcp web #删除 [root@podman ~] # podman rm web 3528e6d5148bcf980f0df5708a82419d3485a33d1d16d722db3e880cc103cd2c #或强制删除运行中的容器 [root@podman ~] # podman rm -f web 3528e6d5148bcf980f0df5708a82419d3485a33d1d16d722db3e880cc103cd2c |
7.web容器设置开机自启
后台运行一个web容器
1
2
|
[root@podman ~]# podman run --name web -d -p 8080:80 -v /opt/webhtml:/usr/shar/nginx/html nginx 910db3ab6bd1ef18e5fd0afe1844912f0b89334b7b8ab758353a948a1b55282a |
基于web容器,在优先级一般的/etc/systemd/system内
创建.service单元文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
[root@ 192 ~] # cd /etc/systemd/system/ [root@podman user] # podman generate systemd -- - - container - prefix (Systemd unit name prefix for containers) - - files {生成.service文件,而不是打印到标准输出} - - format ( Print the created units in specified format (json)) #以指定的格式打印单元文件 - - name (Use container / pod names instead of IDs) #创建新容器,而不是使用现有的容器 - - new (Create a new container instead of starting an existing one) #(跳过标头生成) - - no - header (Skip header generation) - - pod - prefix (Systemd unit name prefix for pods) - - restart - policy (Systemd restart - policy) - - separator (Systemd unit name separator between name / id and prefix) - - time (Stop timeout override) [root@ 192 system] # podman generate systemd --name web --files --new / etc / systemd / system / container - web.service |
查看生成的单元文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
[root@ 192 system] # cat container-web.service # container-web.service # autogenerated by Podman 3.3.0-dev #podman 3.3.0-dev自动生成 # Tue Aug 17 13:03:13 CST 2021 #8月17日星期二13:03:13 CST 2021 [Unit] #单元 Description = Podman container - web.service #描述 Documentation = man:podman - generate - systemd( 1 ) #帮助以及生成的系统 Wants = network - online.target #网络 After = network - online.target RequiresMountsFor = % t / containers #前面不重要直接跳过 [Service] Environment = PODMAN_SYSTEMD_UNIT = % n Restart = on - failure #故障时重新启动 TimeoutStopSec = 70 #超时时间 ExecStart = / usr / bin / podman run - - sdnotify = conmon - - cgroups = no - conmon - - rm - - replace - - name web - d - p 8080 : 80 - v / opt / webhtml: / usr / shar / nginx / html nginx #执行开始为/usr/bin/podman 运行刚才创建的容器 Type = notify NotifyAccess = all [Install] WantedBy = multi - user.target default.target |
删除刚才的容器
1
2
3
4
|
[root@podman ~] # podman rm web 910db3ab6bd1ef18e5fd0afe1844912f0b89334b7b8ab758353a948a1b55282a [root@podman ~] # podman ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES |
设置开机自启
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
[root@ 192 ~] # systemctl daemon-reload [root@ 192 ~] # systemctl enable --now container-web.service Created symlink / etc / systemd / system / multi - user.target.wants / container - web.service → / etc / systemd / system / container - web.service. Created symlink / etc / systemd / system / default.target.wants / container - web.service → / etc / systemd / system / container - web.service. [root@ 192 user] # podman ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b0c7709cb00e docker.io / library / nginx:latest nginx - g daemon o... 15 seconds ago Up 16 seconds ago 0.0 . 0.0 : 8080 - > 80 / tcp web |
无根root模式设置容器和上面这种方式大同小异
使用systemctl命令带上 --user 即可
1
2
|
#需要运行loginctl enable-linger命令,使用户服务在服务器启动时自动启动即可 [containers@serverb ~]$ loginctl enable - linger |
以上就是Podman开机自启容器实现过程的详细内容,更多关于Podman开机自启容器的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47945825/article/details/119754888