背景
最近本菜鸡在学习 python GUI,从 tkinter 入门,想先做个小软件练习一下
思来想去,决定做一个 计算器
设计思路
首先,导入我们需要的包 — tkinter,并通过 实例化一个 Tk 对象 创建窗口
因为我有点菜,目前还把控不好各组件的位置,所以窗口使用自动默认的大小
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import tkinter as tk import tkinter.messagebox win = tkinter.Tk() win.title( "计算器" ) win.mainloop() |
大致 规划 各组件的 位置
我的目标是做成这个样子(最终效果)
大致规划好位置后,我创建了 四个 Frame,如下
u1s1,感觉两三个就够了
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# 承载提示信息与输入框的框架 entry_frame = tk.Frame(win) # 承载运算符号的框架 menu_frame = tk.Frame(win) # 承载数字的框架 major_frame = tk.Frame(win) # 承载等号的框架 cal_frame = tk.Frame(win) entry_frame.pack(side = "top" ) menu_frame.pack(side = "left" ) major_frame.pack() cal_frame.pack(side = "right" ) |
下面就做一个 输入框,分为两部分
- 一部分是汉字部分,提示信息,使用 Label 控件
- 一部分是输入框,使用 Entry 控件
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t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = "请输入 : " ) t_label.pack(side = 'left' ) word_entry = tk.Entry( entry_frame, fg = "blue" , # 输入字体颜色,设置为蓝色 bd = 3 , # 边框宽度 width = 39 , # 输入框长度 justify = 'right' # 设置对齐方式为靠右 ) word_entry.pack() |
然后在下面的左侧 排列运算符号
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for char in [ '+' , '-' , '×' , '÷' ]: myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry) |
其中,myButton 类实例化一个按钮,并且当点击按钮时,输入框会出现相应的文本
当时遇到了问题 — 点击按钮无法获得争取的按钮上的文本你, 解决后写了一篇博客,传送门
用相同的办法 列举各个数字
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for i in range ( 4 ): num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame) num_frame.pack() if i < 3 : for count in range ( 3 * i + 1 , 3 * i + 4 ): myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side = (i, count)) continue myButton(num_frame, 0 , word_entry, side = (i, 0 )) |
当然,重置按钮和计算按钮 可不能忘
最后的计算就懒了一点,直接使用 entry.get() 获得要计算的式子,使用 eval() 函数计算,如果格式错误即弹窗提示
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def calculate(entry): try : result = entry.get() # 如果输入框中不存在字符串,则 = 按钮不管用 if result = = '': return result = eval (result) entry.delete( 0 , "end" ) entry.insert( 0 , str (result)) except : tkinter.messagebox.showerror( "错误" , "格式错误!\n请重新输入!" ) reset_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = '重置' , activeforeground = "blue" , activebackground = "pink" , width = "13" , command = lambda :word_entry.delete( 0 , "end" ) ).pack(side = "left" ) result_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = '=' , activeforeground = "blue" , activebackground = "pink" , width = "13" , command = lambda :calculate(word_entry) ).pack(side = "right" ) |
全部代码
major.py
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# -*- coding=utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2021/3/4 13:06 # @Author : lhys # @FileName: major.py myName = r ''' Welcome, my master! My Name is : ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ______________ | | | | | | | \ / | / / | | | | | | | \ / | / / | | | | | | | \ / | / / | | | | | | \ \_/ / / _______/ | | | |______| | \ / \ \ | | | | \ / \ \ | | | ______ | \ / \ \ | | | | | | \ / \________ \ | | | | | | | | / / | |_______ | | | | | | / / | | | | | | | | / / |____________| |____| |____| |_____| /______________/ ''' print (myName) import tkinter as tk from tools import * win = tk.Tk() win.title( '计算器' ) entry_frame = tk.Frame(win) menu_frame = tk.Frame(win) major_frame = tk.Frame(win) cal_frame = tk.Frame(win) entry_frame.pack(side = "top" ) menu_frame.pack(side = "left" ) major_frame.pack() cal_frame.pack() # 输入框 t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = "请输入 : " ) t_label.pack(side = 'left' ) word_entry = tk.Entry( entry_frame, fg = "blue" , bd = 3 , width = 39 , justify = 'right' ) word_entry.pack() # 菜单栏 for char in [ '+' , '-' , '×' , '÷' ]: myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry) button_side = [ 'right' , 'left' ] for i in range ( 4 ): num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame) num_frame.pack() if i < 3 : for count in range ( 3 * i + 1 , 3 * i + 4 ): myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side = (i, count)) continue myButton(num_frame, 0 , word_entry, side = (i, 0 )) reset_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = '重置' , activeforeground = "blue" , activebackground = "pink" , width = "13" , command = lambda :word_entry.delete( 0 , "end" ) ).pack(side = "left" ) result_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = '=' , activeforeground = "blue" , activebackground = "pink" , width = "13" , command = lambda :calculate(word_entry) ).pack(side = "right" ) win.mainloop() |
tools.py
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# -*- coding=utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2021/3/4 13:20 # @Author : lhys # @FileName: tools.py import tkinter import tkinter.messagebox def calculate(entry): try : result = entry.get() if result = = '': return result = eval (result) print (result) entry.delete( 0 , "end" ) entry.insert( 0 , str (result)) except : tkinter.messagebox.showerror( "错误" , "格式错误!\n请重新输入!" ) class myButton(): def __init__( self , frame, text, entry, * * kwargs): side = kwargs.get( 'side' ) if 'side' in kwargs else () self .btn = tkinter.Button( frame, text = text, activeforeground = "blue" , activebackground = "pink" , width = "13" , command = lambda :entry.insert( "end" , text) ) if side: self .btn.grid(row = side[ 0 ], column = side[ 1 ]) else : self .btn.pack() |
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/lhys666/article/details/114464773