本文实例讲述了C#实现基于XML配置MenuStrip菜单的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
1.关于本程序的说明
用XML配置MenuStrip菜单,本程序只是提供一个思路。程序在Load函数中根据XML文件中的设置动态生成一个MenuStrip组件的Items集合。
程序示例如下:
2.使用到的XML文档示例
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "gb2312" ?> <!--MenuStrip:mnsMainMenu控件中的各个菜单配置--> <!--Menu:菜单栏中的各项,Text:显示名称,ShortKey:快捷键--> < MenuStrip > < Menu Text = "文件(File)" ShortKey = "Alt+F" > < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "修改窗口颜色" > < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "红色" ShortKey = "Shift+F6" FunctionAttribute = "ColorToRed" /> < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "绿色" ShortKey = "Shift+F7" FunctionAttribute = "ColorToLawnGreen" /> </ Item > < Item Type = "Seperator" /> < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "普通" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+X" FunctionAttribute = "FormNormal" /> < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "最小化" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+Y" FunctionAttribute = "FormMinimize" /> < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "最大化" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+Z" FunctionAttribute = "FormMaximize" /> < Item Type = "Seperator" /> < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "关闭" ShortKey = "Alt+F4" FunctionAttribute = "FormClose" /> </ Menu > < Menu Text = "帮助(Help)" ShortKey = "Alt+F" > < Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "关于" FunctionAttribute = "FormAbout" /> </ Menu > </ MenuStrip > |
配置规则:
①.所有的内容都在标签<MenuStrip>中
②.每一个<Menu>标签代表了一个横向的菜单项,其中Text属性是显示的文字,ShortKey属性是选择用的快捷键
③.每一个<Item>标签都在<Menu>或<Item>标签下,表示一个菜单项,菜单项里面可以嵌套其他的Item菜单项。
④.<Item>标签的Type属性代表了此像的类型,分为Seperator和MenuItem两类,前者对应ToolStripItem类,后者对应ToolStripSeparator类
⑤.<Item>标签中,Type属性为MenuItem时,还可以设置Text属性(显示文字)、ShortKey属性(快捷键)、FunctionAttribute属性(生成实例后,单击此菜单项需要调用的函数绑定特性值)
另:在本程序中单击生成后的菜单调用的是一个函数,该函数上方有一个RemarkAttribute特性,FunctionAttribute属性的值如果与之一致则调用该函数。这个特性的设计并不是死的,在本程序中是函数,经过修改后,也可以对应自定义控件、类等。
3.关于程序窗体
程序窗体没有设置其他的属性,只有一个空的MenuStrip,名为mnsMainMenu。窗体的名称为FormMain。
4.程序代码
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Xml; using System.Reflection; namespace Program22 { public partial class FormMain : Form { public FormMain() { InitializeComponent(); } //1.把MenuConfig.xml中的信息反映到菜单mnsMainMenu上 //2.显示文本、快捷键等信息直接添加,FunctionName属性添加到Tag中 //3.通过反射找到对应函数,完成操作 private void Form1_Load( object sender, EventArgs e) { SetMainMenu( "MenuConfig.xml" ); } /// <summary> /// 设置MenuStrip控件 /// </summary> /// <param name="address"></param> private void SetMainMenu( string address) { //设置前清空MenuStrip中所有项 mnsMainMenu.Items.Clear(); //读取XML文件 XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load(address); XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode( "MenuStrip" ); SetMenu(mnsMainMenu, root); } /// <summary> /// 设置MenuStrip控件第一层菜单及其子菜单 /// </summary> /// <param name="ms">MenuStrip控件</param> /// <param name="xnode">XML结点</param> private void SetMenu(MenuStrip ms, XmlNode xnode) { foreach (XmlNode xn in xnode.ChildNodes) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; ToolStripMenuItem newtsmi = new ToolStripMenuItem(xe.GetAttribute( "Text" )); //设置快捷键 if ( string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" ))) { SetShortKey(newtsmi, xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" )); } //设置调用函数 if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" ))) { newtsmi.Tag = xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" ); newtsmi.Click += ToolStripMenuItem_Click; } //设置子菜单 if (xn.ChildNodes.Count != 0) { SetItem(newtsmi, xn); } ms.Items.Add(newtsmi); } } /// <summary> /// 设置 ToolStripMenuItem 控件及其子菜单(递归设置) /// </summary> /// <param name="tsmi">ToolStripMenuItem控件</param> /// <param name="xnode">XML结点</param> private void SetItem(ToolStripMenuItem tsmi, XmlNode xnode) { foreach (XmlNode xn in xnode.ChildNodes) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; ToolStripMenuItem newtsmi = new ToolStripMenuItem(xe.GetAttribute( "Text" )); switch (xe.GetAttribute( "Type" )) { case "MenuItem" : { //设置快捷键 if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" ))) { SetShortKey(newtsmi, xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" )); } //设置调用函数 if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace( xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" ))) { newtsmi.Tag = xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" ); newtsmi.Click += ToolStripMenuItem_Click; } //设置子菜单 if (xn.ChildNodes.Count != 0) { SetItem(newtsmi, xn); } tsmi.DropDownItems.Add(newtsmi as ToolStripItem); } break ; case "Seperator" : { tsmi.DropDownItems.Add( new ToolStripSeparator()); } break ; default : break ; } } } /// <summary> /// 通过字符串(如"Ctrl+Alt+A")判断按键信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <returns></returns> private void SetShortKey(ToolStripMenuItem tsmi, string key) { System.Windows.Forms.Keys result = default (System.Windows.Forms.Keys); string [] keys = key.Split( '+' ); if (keys.Contains( "Ctrl" )) { result |= Keys.Control; } if (keys.Contains( "Shift" )) { result |= Keys.Shift; } if (keys.Contains( "Alt" )) { result |= Keys.Alt; } if (keys.Contains( "A" )) { result |= Keys.A; } if (keys.Contains( "B" )) { result |= Keys.B; } if (keys.Contains( "C" )) { result |= Keys.C; } if (keys.Contains( "D" )) { result |= Keys.D; } if (keys.Contains( "E" )) { result |= Keys.E; } if (keys.Contains( "F" )) { result |= Keys.F; } if (keys.Contains( "G" )) { result |= Keys.G; } if (keys.Contains( "H" )) { result |= Keys.H; } if (keys.Contains( "I" )) { result |= Keys.I; } if (keys.Contains( "J" )) { result |= Keys.J; } if (keys.Contains( "K" )) { result |= Keys.K; } if (keys.Contains( "L" )) { result |= Keys.L; } if (keys.Contains( "M" )) { result |= Keys.M; } if (keys.Contains( "N" )) { result |= Keys.N; } if (keys.Contains( "O" )) { result |= Keys.O; } if (keys.Contains( "P" )) { result |= Keys.P; } if (keys.Contains( "Q" )) { result |= Keys.Q; } if (keys.Contains( "R" )) { result |= Keys.R; } if (keys.Contains( "S" )) { result |= Keys.S; } if (keys.Contains( "T" )) { result |= Keys.T; } if (keys.Contains( "U" )) { result |= Keys.U; } if (keys.Contains( "V" )) { result |= Keys.V; } if (keys.Contains( "W" )) { result |= Keys.W; } if (keys.Contains( "X" )) { result |= Keys.X; } if (keys.Contains( "Y" )) { result |= Keys.Y; } if (keys.Contains( "Z" )) { result |= Keys.Z; } if (keys.Contains( "0" )) { result |= Keys.D0; } if (keys.Contains( "1" )) { result |= Keys.D1; } if (keys.Contains( "2" )) { result |= Keys.D2; } if (keys.Contains( "3" )) { result |= Keys.D3; } if (keys.Contains( "4" )) { result |= Keys.D4; } if (keys.Contains( "5" )) { result |= Keys.D5; } if (keys.Contains( "6" )) { result |= Keys.D6; } if (keys.Contains( "7" )) { result |= Keys.D7; } if (keys.Contains( "8" )) { result |= Keys.D8; } if (keys.Contains( "9" )) { result |= Keys.D9; } if (keys.Contains( "F1" )) { result |= Keys.F1; } if (keys.Contains( "F2" )) { result |= Keys.F2; } if (keys.Contains( "F3" )) { result |= Keys.F3; } if (keys.Contains( "F4" )) { result |= Keys.F4; } if (keys.Contains( "F5" )) { result |= Keys.F5; } if (keys.Contains( "F6" )) { result |= Keys.F6; } if (keys.Contains( "F7" )) { result |= Keys.F7; } if (keys.Contains( "F8" )) { result |= Keys.F8; } if (keys.Contains( "F9" )) { result |= Keys.F9; } if (keys.Contains( "F10" )) { result |= Keys.F10; } if (keys.Contains( "F11" )) { result |= Keys.F11; } if (keys.Contains( "F12" )) { result |= Keys.F12; } tsmi.ShortcutKeys = result; } /// <summary> /// 特性 RemarkAttribute,用在函数上,其 Remark 属性决定了 /// 积分函数 Integration 应该选择程序中的哪个函数进行计算 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)] public class RemarkAttribute : Attribute { string remark; public string Remark { get { return remark; } } //构造函数 public RemarkAttribute( string comment) { remark = comment; } } /// <summary> /// 单击一个ToolStripMenuItem后触发的事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { //如果Tag为空,则不执行任何事件 if ( string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(( string )((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag)) { return ; } //如果Tag存在,则寻找具有和Tag内容一致特性的函数并调用 FunctionInvoke(( string )((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag); } /// <summary> /// 调用具有指定特性名的函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="funcattr">函数的RemarkAttribute特性值</param> private void FunctionInvoke( string funcattr) { //需要 using System.Reflection; MethodInfo[] mi = typeof (FormMain).GetMethods( BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); //找到具有指定特性的函数,进行调用 foreach (MethodInfo m in mi) { Type t2 = typeof (RemarkAttribute); RemarkAttribute ra = (RemarkAttribute)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(m, t2); if (ra != null && ra.Remark == funcattr) { m.Invoke( this , new object [] { }); break ; } } } //需要调用的函数 [RemarkAttribute( "ColorToRed" )] //窗口底色:红 private void ChangeColorToRed() { this .BackColor = Color.Red; } [RemarkAttribute( "ColorToLawnGreen" )] //窗口底色:绿 private void ChangeColorToLawnGreen() { this .BackColor = Color.LawnGreen; } [RemarkAttribute( "FormNormal" )] //窗口大小:普通 private void ChangeSizeToNrm() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal; } [RemarkAttribute( "FormMinimize" )] //窗口大小:最小化 private void ChangeSizeToMin() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Minimized; } [RemarkAttribute( "FormMaximize" )] //窗口大小:最大化 private void ChangeSizeToMax() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; } [RemarkAttribute( "FormClose" )] //退出程序 private void CloseForm() { Application.Exit(); } [RemarkAttribute( "FormAbout" )] //关于程序 private void AboutForm() { MessageBox.Show( "Write By Tsybius 2014/5/15" ); } } } |
希望本文所述对大家的C#程序设计有所帮助。