一、愉客行车程监控并通知
大概思路：用户填写指定信息在config.json文件中，通过定时访问网页，获取指定信息，从而达到对指定车程的监控
1.分析网页
按下f12，打开开发者工具，再刷新一下网页
找到我们需要的信息
然后再分析一下它的请求方式
很直观的就看到了几条主要的信息
第一条和第三条是null不重要
第二条是起始站
第四条是终点站
第五条是个数字，经过反复尝试，发现是固定参数
第六条乍一看应该是时间戳，经过验证，的确是车票指定日期零点的时间戳
2.请求头伪装、带参访问指定网页，获取信息：
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def get_html(startstation, endstation, timestamp): # 模拟请求 headers = { 'accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'accept-language': 'zh-cn,zh;q=0.9,en-us;q=0.8,en;q=0.7,zh-hk;q=0.6', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '124', 'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'sec-ch-ua': '" not a;brand";v="99", "chromium";v="90", "google chrome";v="90"', 'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0', 'sec-fetch-dest': 'empty', 'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors', 'sec-fetch-site': 'cross-site', 'host': 'busserver.cqyukexing.com', 'origin': 'https://www.96096kp.com', 'referer': 'https://www.96096kp.com/', 'user-agent': 'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/90.0.4430.72 safari/537.36', } data = { 'departurename': startstation, 'destinationid': 'null', 'destinationname': endstation, 'opsource': '7', # 指定日期时间戳 'querydate': timestamp, } data = json.dumps(data) url = 'https://busserver.cqyukexing.com/busticket/schedule_list_310?channel=7' response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=5) if response.status_code == 200: html = response.text # print(html) return html |
3.将返回的数据解析
因为请求获得的数据是json格式的，所以用jsonpath做数据解析
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def parse_html(html): # 解析获取的数据 items = [] html = json.loads(html) for i in range(len(jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo'))): item = {} timestamp = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..departuretime')[i] item["发车日期"] = time.strftime("%y-%m-%d", time.localtime(timestamp)) # 检测是否过期 out_data(item["发车日期"]) item["发车时间"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..departuretimedesc')[i] item["起始站"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..departurestation..name')[i] # item["地址"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..departurestation..addr')[i] item["终点站"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..destinationstation..name')[i] item["余票"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..remainseatcnt')[i] item["票价"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..fullticketprice')[i] item["车型"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..bustype')[i] item["车牌号"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..schedulecode')[i] item["路线"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..linename')[i][3:] item["状态"] = '\033[32m' if item["余票"] > 0 else '\033[31m' # item["途径"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..stopstation')[i] items.append(item) return items |
4.筛选出有票的车次
这里是将已经获取过的车次保存到文件中，一旦检测到新的车次，就准备通知，如果检测到没有新车次，不做通知
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def watch_ticks(bus_list): # 检查目前还有票的车次 format_info(bus_list) has_ticks = [] filename = 'tick_log of ' + bus_list[0]["起始站"] + '-' + bus_list[0]["终点站"] + '.txt' # 如果log文件不存在，则新建一个空的文件 if not os.path.exists('./logs/' + filename): f = open('./logs/' + filename, 'w') f.close() with open('./logs/' + filename, 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as file: alreald_send = file.read() for bus in bus_list: if bus["余票"] != 0 and bus["发车时间"] not in alreald_send or not len(alreald_send): has_ticks.append(bus) with open('./logs/tick_log of ' + bus["起始站"] + '-' + bus["终点站"] + '.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file: file.write(bus["发车时间"] + '\n') # print(has_ticks) return has_ticks |
5.格式化终端输出信息
输出车程信息，这里改了终端车次显示的颜色，有票的是绿色、没票的是红色，很快就能识别出自己想要的
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def format_info(bus_list): print(bus_list[0]["发车日期"] + '\t' + bus_list[0]["起始站"] + '-' + bus_list[0]["终点站"]) print('-' * 120) # print("\t发车时间" # "\t\t\t起始站" # "\t\t\t终点站" # "\t\t余票" # "\t\t票价" # "\t\t路线" # "\t\t车型" # "\t\t车牌号") for bus in bus_list: print(bus["状态"] + "\t" + bus["发车时间"], "\t\t" + bus["起始站"], "\t\t" + bus["终点站"], "\t\t" + str(bus["余票"]), "\t\t\t" + str(bus["票价"]), "\t\t" + bus["路线"], "\t\t" + bus["车型"], "\t\t" + bus["车牌号"] + '\033[0m') print('-' * 120) |
6.设定邮件通知
这里代码是以前的，我直接拿来改了一下
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def send_email(senduser, mail_user, mail_pass, receivers, start, end, tick_date, message): """发送邮件""" # 第三方 smtp 服务 mail_host = 'smtp.qq.com' # 设置服务器 sender = mail_user # 创建一个带附件的案例 mail = mimemultipart() mail['from'] = header(senduser, 'utf-8') mail['to'] = ";".join(receivers) subject = '愉客行有新的票务情况：' + tick_date + '-' + start + '-' + end # 邮件标题 mail['subject'] = header(subject, 'utf-8') # 邮件正文内容 mail.attach(mimetext(message, 'plain', 'utf-8')) try: smtpobj = smtplib.smtp() smtpobj.connect(mail_host, 25) # 25为端口号 smtpobj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtpobj.sendmail(sender, receivers, mail.as_string()) print(receivers + "\t发送成功") # 邮件发送成功 except exception as e: pass finally: smtpobj.quit() |
7.设定主函数
这里把用户输入的信息转换一下，将日期转为时间戳，并且可支持多车程的监控，配置文件应一一对应。
将获取到的车程信息保存
如果有变化，立刻发送邮件通知
设定了定时执行，这里是每隔30分钟执行一次
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def main(): global timer_times timer_times = timer_times + 1 for i in range(len(startstation)): html = get_html(startstation[i], endstation[i], timestamp[i]) bus_list = parse_html(html) # pprint.pprint(bus_list) has_ticks = watch_ticks(bus_list) json.dump(bus_list, open('./data/bus_list of ' + startstation[i] + '-' + endstation[i] + '.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8'), ensure_ascii=false) if len(has_ticks): json.dump(has_ticks, open('./data/has_ticks of ' + startstation[i] + '-' + endstation[i] + '.json', 'w+', encoding='utf-8'), ensure_ascii=false) message = '\n'.join([str(tick).replace(',', '\n') for tick in has_ticks]) send_email(senduser[i], mail_user[i], mail_pass[i], receivers[i], startstation[i], endstation[i], ticksdate[i], message) # 定时延迟 now = time.strftime('%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s', time.localtime()) log_message = ("\n定时任务已触发至：第%s轮\n当前时间：%s\n" % (timer_times, now)) with open("./logs/log.txt", 'a+', encoding="utf-8") as file: file.write(log_message) print(log_message) time.sleep(1800) timer = threading.timer(1800, main()) timer.start() |
8.程序入口
获取config.json文件的信息，执行main函数，开始定时任务
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if __name__ == '__main__': with open('config.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file: config = json.load(file) startstation = config["起始站"] endstation = config["终点站"] ticksdate = config["车票日期"] timearray = [time.strptime(tick_date + ' 00:00:00', "%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s") for tick_date in config["车票日期"]] timestamp = [int(time.mktime(times)) for times in timearray] senduser = config["发送人"] mail_user = config["用户名"] mail_pass = config["第三方客户端授权码"] receivers = config["接收方"] # 定时延迟 timer_times = 0 timer = threading.timer(1800, main()) timer.start() |
本来是想挂到服务器上，就做了一个检测日期的函数，如果车程日期在当前日期之前，就直接退出程序，最后还是在本地上运行的，就没用的上
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def out_data(date): # 检查车票跟踪是否过时 # 是否过期一天 tomorrow = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1) if date == tomorrow: print("车票跟踪已过时！") os.exit(0) |
9.结果图
二、目录结构
三、完整代码
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import datetimeimport osimport smtplibimport threadingimport timefrom email.header import headerfrom email.mime.multipart import mimemultipartfrom email.mime.text import mimetextimport requestsimport jsonimport jsonpathdef get_html(startstation, endstation, timestamp): # 模拟请求 headers = { 'accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'accept-language': 'zh-cn,zh;q=0.9,en-us;q=0.8,en;q=0.7,zh-hk;q=0.6', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '124', 'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'sec-ch-ua': '" not a;brand";v="99", "chromium";v="90", "google chrome";v="90"', 'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0', 'sec-fetch-dest': 'empty', 'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors', 'sec-fetch-site': 'cross-site', 'host': 'busserver.cqyukexing.com', 'origin': 'https://www.96096kp.com', 'referer': 'https://www.96096kp.com/', 'user-agent': 'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/90.0.4430.72 safari/537.36', } data = { 'departurename': startstation, 'destinationid': 'null', 'destinationname': endstation, 'opsource': '7', # 指定日期时间戳 'querydate': timestamp, } data = json.dumps(data) url = 'https://busserver.cqyukexing.com/busticket/schedule_list_310?channel=7' response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=5) if response.status_code == 200: html = response.text # print(html) return htmldef parse_html(html): # 解析获取的数据 items = [] html = json.loads(html) for i in range(len(jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo'))): item = {} timestamp = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..departuretime')[i] item["发车日期"] = time.strftime("%y-%m-%d", time.localtime(timestamp)) # 检测是否过期 out_data(item["发车日期"]) item["发车时间"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..departuretimedesc')[i] item["起始站"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..departurestation..name')[i] # item["地址"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..departurestation..addr')[i] item["终点站"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..destinationstation..name')[i] item["余票"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..remainseatcnt')[i] item["票价"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..fullticketprice')[i] item["车型"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..bustype')[i] item["车牌号"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..schedulecode')[i] item["路线"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..linename')[i][3:] item["状态"] = '\033[32m' if item["余票"] > 0 else '\033[31m' # item["途径"] = jsonpath.jsonpath(html, '$..scheduleinfo..stopstation')[i] items.append(item) return itemsdef watch_ticks(bus_list): # 检查目前还有票的车次 format_info(bus_list) has_ticks = [] filename = 'tick_log of ' + bus_list[0]["起始站"] + '-' + bus_list[0]["终点站"] + '.txt' # 如果log文件不存在，则新建一个空的文件 if not os.path.exists('./logs/' + filename): f = open('./logs/' + filename, 'w') f.close() with open('./logs/' + filename, 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as file: alreald_send = file.read() for bus in bus_list: if bus["余票"] != 0 and bus["发车时间"] not in alreald_send or not len(alreald_send): has_ticks.append(bus) with open('./logs/tick_log of ' + bus["起始站"] + '-' + bus["终点站"] + '.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file: file.write(bus["发车时间"] + '\n') # print(has_ticks) return has_ticksdef out_data(date): # 检查车票跟踪是否过时 # 是否过期一天 tomorrow = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1) if date == tomorrow: print("车票跟踪已过时！") os.exit(0)def format_info(bus_list): print(bus_list[0]["发车日期"] + '\t' + bus_list[0]["起始站"] + '-' + bus_list[0]["终点站"]) print('-' * 120) # print("\t发车时间" # "\t\t\t起始站" # "\t\t\t终点站" # "\t\t余票" # "\t\t票价" # "\t\t路线" # "\t\t车型" # "\t\t车牌号") for bus in bus_list: print(bus["状态"] + "\t" + bus["发车时间"], "\t\t" + bus["起始站"], "\t\t" + bus["终点站"], "\t\t" + str(bus["余票"]), "\t\t\t" + str(bus["票价"]), "\t\t" + bus["路线"], "\t\t" + bus["车型"], "\t\t" + bus["车牌号"] + '\033[0m') print('-' * 120)def send_email(senduser, mail_user, mail_pass, receivers, start, end, tick_date, message): """发送邮件""" # 第三方 smtp 服务 mail_host = 'smtp.qq.com' # 设置服务器 sender = mail_user # 创建一个带附件的案例 mail = mimemultipart() mail['from'] = header(senduser, 'utf-8') mail['to'] = ";".join(receivers) subject = '愉客行有新的票务情况：' + tick_date + '-' + start + '-' + end # 邮件标题 mail['subject'] = header(subject, 'utf-8') # 邮件正文内容 mail.attach(mimetext(message, 'plain', 'utf-8')) try: smtpobj = smtplib.smtp() smtpobj.connect(mail_host, 25) # 25为端口号 smtpobj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtpobj.sendmail(sender, receivers, mail.as_string()) print(receivers + "\t发送成功") # 邮件发送成功 except exception as e: pass finally: smtpobj.quit()def main(): global timer_times timer_times = timer_times + 1 for i in range(len(startstation)): html = get_html(startstation[i], endstation[i], timestamp[i]) bus_list = parse_html(html) # pprint.pprint(bus_list) has_ticks = watch_ticks(bus_list) json.dump(bus_list, open('./data/bus_list of ' + startstation[i] + '-' + endstation[i] + '.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8'), ensure_ascii=false) if len(has_ticks): json.dump(has_ticks, open('./data/has_ticks of ' + startstation[i] + '-' + endstation[i] + '.json', 'w+', encoding='utf-8'), ensure_ascii=false) message = '\n'.join([str(tick).replace(',', '\n') for tick in has_ticks]) send_email(senduser[i], mail_user[i], mail_pass[i], receivers[i], startstation[i], endstation[i], ticksdate[i], message) # 定时延迟 now = time.strftime('%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s', time.localtime()) log_message = ("\n定时任务已触发至：第%s轮\n当前时间：%s\n" % (timer_times, now)) with open("./logs/log.txt", 'a+', encoding="utf-8") as file: file.write(log_message) print(log_message) time.sleep(1800) timer = threading.timer(1800, main()) timer.start()if __name__ == '__main__': with open('config.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file: config = json.load(file) startstation = config["起始站"] endstation = config["终点站"] ticksdate = config["车票日期"] timearray = [time.strptime(tick_date + ' 00:00:00', "%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s") for tick_date in config["车票日期"]] timestamp = [int(time.mktime(times)) for times in timearray] senduser = config["发送人"] mail_user = config["用户名"] mail_pass = config["第三方客户端授权码"] receivers = config["接收方"] # 定时延迟 timer_times = 0 timer = threading.timer(1800, main()) timer.start() |
四、config.json文件
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{ "车票日期": [ "2021-4-30", "2021-5-5" ], "起始站": [ "万州", "彭水县" ], "终点站": [ "涪陵", "万州" ], "发送人": [ "愉客行", "愉客行" ], "用户名": [ "1*******27@qq.com", "1*******27@qq.com" ], "第三方客户端授权码": [ "oxms********iicj", "oxms********iicj" ], "接收方": [ "265******8@qq.com", "265******8@qq.com" ]} |
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43652321/article/details/116242798
