C#学习经历从基本语法结构到窗体再到面向对象终于走完了.NET初级程序员的道路,用了大概一天半的时间做完这个练手项目《影院售票系统》,先上效果截图一张
抽出时间做些这个对目前的我来说算不小的项目。
用到的知识点有:面向对象思想、TreeView、XML读取、File文件流、泛型集合,这里面对我来说难度最大的是面向对象与泛型集合的结合,看来学习一门编程语言的难点还是在设计思想上。
再来介绍一下项目需求:在影片列表中选择某个时段的一场电影,单击座位选择一个种类的电影票,并创建电影,计算价格并打印影票信息,然后该座位被置为红色表示已经售出。
影院每天更新放映列表,系统支持实时查看,包括电影放映场次时间、电影概况。
影院提供三类影票:普通票、赠票和学生票(赠票免费;学生票有折扣)
允许用户查看某场次座位的售出情况
支持购票,并允许用户选座
用户可以选择场次、影票类型及空闲座位进行购票,并打印电影票
系统可以保存销售情况,并允许对其进行恢复
一、问题分析
1.系统开发步骤
(1)明确需求
(2)设计类
(3)创建项目
(4)确定编码顺序
1.主窗体
2.查看新放映列表
3.查看电影介绍
4.查看影票票价
5.查看放映厅座位
6.购票和打印电影票
7.继续购票
(5)测试
二、类的设计
献上这9个类的代码,根据依赖编写类的顺序,不能完全按照上面顺序
1.Seat:保存影院的座位信息,主要属性如下
座位号(SeatNum):string类型
座位卖出状态颜色(Color):System.Drawing.Color类型
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Drawing; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 保存影院的座位信息 /// </summary> public class Seat { public Seat() { } public Seat( string seatNum,Color color) { this .SeatNum = seatNum; this .Color = color; } private string _seatNum; /// <summary> /// 座位号 /// </summary> public string SeatNum { get { return _seatNum; } set { _seatNum = value; } } private Color _color; /// <summary> /// 座位卖出状态颜色 /// </summary> public Color Color { get { return _color; } set { _color = value; } } } } |
2.Movie:电影类
电影名(MovieName):string类型
海报图片路径(Poster):string类型
导演名(Director):string类型
主演(Actor):string类型
电影类型(MovieType):MovieType自定义枚举类型
定价(Price):int类型
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 电影类 /// </summary> public class Movie { private string _movieName; /// <summary> /// 电影名 /// </summary> public string MovieName { get { return _movieName; } set { _movieName = value; } } private string _poster; /// <summary> /// 海报图片名 /// </summary> public string Poster { get { return _poster; } set { _poster = value; } } private string _director; /// <summary> /// 导演名 /// </summary> public string Director { get { return _director; } set { _director = value; } } private string _actor; /// <summary> /// 主演 /// </summary> public string Actor { get { return _actor; } set { _actor = value; } } private int _price; /// <summary> /// 定价 /// </summary> public int Price { get { return _price; } set { _price = value; } } /// <summary> /// 电影类型 /// </summary> public MovieType MovieType { get ; set ; } } /// <summary> /// 电影类型,1喜剧2战争3爱情 /// </summary> public enum MovieType { /// <summary> /// 动作片 /// </summary> Action = 0, /// <summary> /// 战争片 /// </summary> War = 1, /// <summary> /// 爱情片 /// </summary> Comedy = 2 } } |
3.Ticket:电影票父类,保存电影票信息
放映场次(ScheduleItem):ScheduleItem自定义类
所属座位对象(Seat):Seat自定义类型
票价(Price):int类型
计算票价的虚方法CalcPrice()
打印售票信息的虚方法Print()
显示当前售出票信息的虚方法Show()
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 电影票父类 /// </summary> public class Ticket { public Ticket() { } public Ticket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat) { this .ScheduItem = sch; this .Seat = seat; } private Seat _seat = new Seat(); /// <summary> /// 所属座位 /// </summary> public Seat Seat { get { return _seat; } set { _seat = value; } } private int _price; /// <summary> /// 票价 /// </summary> public int Price { get { return _price; } set { _price = value; } } /// <summary> /// 放映场次 /// </summary> public ScheduleItem ScheduItem { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 计算票价 /// </summary> public virtual void CalcPrice() { this .Price = ScheduItem.Movie.Price; } /// <summary> /// 打印售票信息 /// </summary> public virtual void Print() { string info = string .Format( "************************************************\n\t青鸟影院\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n价格:\t{3}\n************************************************" , this .ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this .ScheduItem.Time, this .Seat.SeatNum, this .Price); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this .ScheduItem.Time.Replace( ":" , "-" )+ " " + this .Seat.SeatNum+ ".txt" ; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName,FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售票信息 /// </summary> public virtual void Show() { string info = string .Format( "已售出!\n普通票!" ); MessageBox.Show(info); } } } |
4.StudentTicket:学生票子类,继承父类Ticket
学生票的折扣(Discount):int类型
重写父类计算票价CalcPrice
重写父类打印售票信息的Print()
重写父类显示当前出票信息的Show()方法
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 学生票 /// </summary> public class StudentTicket : Ticket { public StudentTicket() { } public StudentTicket(ScheduleItem sch, Seat seat, int discount) : base (sch, seat) { this .Discount = discount; } private int _discount; /// <summary> /// 学生票的折扣 /// </summary> public int Discount { get { return _discount; } set { _discount = value; } } /// <summary> /// 计算学生票价 /// </summary> public override void CalcPrice() { this .Price = this .ScheduItem.Movie.Price* Discount / 10; } /// <summary> /// 打印学生票的售票信息 /// </summary> public override void Print() { string info = string .Format( "************************************************\n\t青鸟影院(学生)\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n价格:\t{3}\n************************************************" , this .ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this .ScheduItem.Time, this .Seat.SeatNum, this .Price); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this .ScheduItem.Time.Replace( ":" , "-" ) + " " + this .Seat.SeatNum + ".txt" ; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售出票信息 /// </summary> public override void Show() { string info = string .Format( "已售出!\n{0}折学生票!" , this .Discount); MessageBox.Show(info); } } } |
5.FreeTicket:赠票子类,继承父类Ticket
获得赠票者的名字属性(CustomerName):string类型
重写父类计算票价CalcPrice()
重写父类打印售票信息Print()
重写父类显示当前出票信息Show()
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 赠票 /// </summary> public class FreeTicket:Ticket { public FreeTicket() { } public FreeTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat, string name) { this .Seat = seat; this .CustomerName = name; this .ScheduItem = sch; } private string _customerName; /// <summary> /// 获得赠票者的名字 /// </summary> public string CustomerName { get { return _customerName; } set { _customerName = value; } } /// <summary> /// 计算票价 /// </summary> public override void CalcPrice() { this .Price = 0; } /// <summary> /// 打印售票信息 /// </summary> public override void Print() { string info = string .Format( "************************************************\n\t青鸟影院(赠票)\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n姓名:\t{3}\n************************************************" , this .ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this .ScheduItem.Time, this .Seat.SeatNum, this .CustomerName); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this .ScheduItem.Time.Replace( ":" , "-" ) + " " + this .Seat.SeatNum + ".txt" ; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售出票信息 /// </summary> public override void Show() { MessageBox.Show( "已售出!\n赠票!" ); } } } |
6.ScheduleItem:影院每天计划放映计划的场次,保存每场电影的信息
放映时间属性(Time):string类型
本场所放映电影属性(Movie):Movie自定义类型
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 影院每天计划放映的场次,保存每场电影的信息 /// </summary> public class ScheduleItem { private string _time; /// <summary> /// 放映时间 /// </summary> public string Time { get { return _time; } set { _time = value; } } private Movie _movie = new Movie(); /// <summary> /// 本场放映的电影 /// </summary> public Movie Movie { get { return _movie; } set { _movie = value; } } private List<Ticket> _soldTickets= new List<Ticket>(); private Dictionary< string , Seat> _seats= new Dictionary< string ,Seat>(); /// <summary> /// 本场次的座位状态 /// </summary> public Dictionary< string , Seat> Seats { get { return _seats; } set { _seats = value; } } } } |
7.Schedule:放映计划类
放映场次属性(Items):自定义泛型集合Dictionary<string,ScheduleItem>
读取XML文件获取放映计划集合的LoadItems()方法
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Xml; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 放映计划类,保存影院当天的放映计划集合 /// </summary> public class Schedule { /// <summary> /// 放映场次 /// </summary> public Dictionary< string , ScheduleItem> Items = new Dictionary< string , ScheduleItem>(); /// <summary> /// 读取XML文件获取放映计划集合 /// </summary> public void LoadItems() { Items.Clear(); XmlDocument xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load( "ShowList.xml" ); XmlElement root = xml.DocumentElement; foreach (XmlNode item in root.ChildNodes) { Movie movie = new Movie(); movie.MovieName = item[ "Name" ].InnerText; movie.Poster = item[ "Poster" ].InnerText; movie.Director = item[ "Director" ].InnerText; movie.Actor = item[ "Actor" ].InnerText; switch (item[ "Type" ].InnerText) { case "Action" : movie.MovieType = MovieType.Action; break ; case "War" : movie.MovieType = MovieType.War; break ; case "Comedy" : movie.MovieType = MovieType.Comedy; break ; } movie.Price = Convert.ToInt32(item[ "Price" ].InnerText); if (item[ "Schedule" ].HasChildNodes) { foreach (XmlNode item2 in item[ "Schedule" ].ChildNodes) { ScheduleItem schItem = new ScheduleItem(); schItem.Time = item2.InnerText; schItem.Movie = movie; Items.Add(schItem.Time, schItem); } } } } } } |
8.Cinema:影院类,保存放映计划和座位类
座位集合属性(Seat):自定义泛型集合Dictionary<string,Seat>
放映计划Schedule:Schedule自定义类型
已售出电影票的集合(SoldTicket):自定义泛型集合List<Ticket>
保存和读取售票情况的Save()和Load()方法
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 影院类 /// </summary> public class Cinema { private Dictionary< string , Seat> _seats = new Dictionary< string , Seat>(); /// <summary> /// 座位集合 /// </summary> public Dictionary< string , Seat> Seats { get { return _seats; } set { _seats = value; } } private Schedule _schedule = new Schedule(); /// <summary> /// 放映计划 /// </summary> public Schedule Schedule { get { return _schedule; } set { _schedule = value; } } private List<Ticket> _soldTickets= new List<Ticket>(); /// <summary> /// 已经售出的票 /// </summary> public List<Ticket> SoldTickets { get { return _soldTickets; } set { _soldTickets = value; } } /// <summary> /// 保存售票信息到文件中 /// </summary> public void Save() { //Save和Load的代码在窗体的代码实现了 } /// <summary> /// 从文件中读取售票信息 /// </summary> public void Load() { } } } |
9.工具类
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 工具类 /// </summary> public class TicketUtil { /// <summary> /// 创建电影票 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static Ticket CreateTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat, int discount, string customerName, string type) { Ticket ticket= null ; switch (type) { case "StudentTicket" : ticket = new StudentTicket(sch,seat,discount); break ; case "FreeTicket" : ticket = new FreeTicket(sch,seat,customerName); break ; default : ticket = new Ticket(sch,seat); break ; } return ticket; } } } |
下篇文章将继续更新,内容有电影院座位的动态绘制、电影信息绑定到窗体中展现出来,希望大家不要走开,有什么地方需要改进的欢迎大家指出,共同探讨进步。