实现网页版的在线聊天室的方法有很多,在没有来到html5之前,常见的有:定时轮询、长连接+长轮询、基于第三方插件(如flash的socket),而如果是html5,则比较简单,可以直接使用websocket,当然html5目前在pc端并没有被所有浏览器支持,所以我的这个聊天室仍是基于长连接+长轮询+原生的js及ajax实现的多人在线即时交流聊天室,这个聊天室其实是我上周周末完成的,功能简单,可能有些不足,但可以满足在线即时聊天需求,分享也是给大家提供一个思路,大家可以基于此来实现更好的在线即时聊天工具。
聊天室功能简介:
1。支持多人进入同一个聊天室聊天;
2。进入即离线均会自动生成通知信息显示在聊天室中,这样聊天的人们就知道谁进来了谁离开了;
3。实时显示在线人员表列;
4。无需数据库支持,全部存在内存中,当然有条件的可以采用分布式缓存或加一个数据库来存,这里演示就是用内存来存了。
下面就开始分享我的代码,由于采用原生的js及ajax,所以简单易懂,代码分别web前端及服务端(有点废话了)
web前端源代码如下:(chatpage.html)
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<!doctype html> <html xmlns= "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head> <meta http-equiv= "content-type" content= "text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title></title> <style type= "text/css" > html, body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f8f7f7; font-family: arial,sans-serif; } #layouttable { margin:0px; padding:0px; width:100%; height:100%; border:2px solid green; border-collapse:collapse; min-width:800px; } #layouttable td { border: 1px solid green; } .h100p { height:100%; } .midtr{height:auto;} .midtr tr td { height: 100%; } #chatmsgbox, #chatonlinebox { background-color:white; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: auto; overflow-wrap: break -word; height: 100%; } #chatonlinebox { background-color: #f5d0a8; } .rc, .sd { overflow:hidden; } .rc p { float: left; color: green; } .sd p { float: right; color: orange; } </style> </head> <body> <table id= "layouttable" > <colgroup> <col style= "width:auto" /> <col style= "width: 200px;" /> </colgroup> <tr style= "height:30px; background-color:lightblue;color:yellow;" > <td> 欢迎进入梦在旅途的网页即时在线大众聊天室 - www.zuowenjun.cn: </td> <td> 当前在线人员 </td> </tr> <tr style= "height:auto;" id= "midtr" > <td> <div id= "chatmsgbox" > </div> </td> <td> <div id= "chatonlinebox" > <ul id= "chatnames" ></ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style= "height:50px;" > <td colspan= "2" > <label for = "name" >聊天妮称:</label> <input type= "text" id= "name" style= "width:80px;" /> <input type= "button" id= "btnsavename" value= "确认进入" /> <label for = "msg" >输入内容:</label> <input type= "text" id= "msg" style= "width:400px;" /> <input type= "button" id= "btnsend" value= "发送消息" disabled= "disabled" /> </td> </tr> </table> <script type= "text/javascript" > var chatname = null ; var ochatmsgbox, omsg, ochatnames; var ajaxforsend, ajaxforrecv; //页面加载初始化 window.onload = function () { document.getelementbyid( "btnsavename" ).onclick = function () { this .disabled = true ; var oname = document.getelementbyid( "name" ); oname.readonly = true ; document.getelementbyid( "btnsend" ).disabled = false ; //receivemsg(); setchatstatus(oname.value, "on" ); } document.getelementbyid( "btnsend" ).onclick = function () { sendmsg(omsg.value); }; //init ochatmsgbox = document.getelementbyid( "chatmsgbox" ); omsg = document.getelementbyid( "msg" ); ochatnames = document.getelementbyid( "chatnames" ); ajaxforsend = getajaxobject(); ajaxforrecv = getajaxobject(); } //离开时提醒 window.onbeforeunload = function () { event.returnvalue = "您确定要退出聊天室吗?" ; } //关闭时离线 window.onunload = function () { setchatstatus(chatname, "off" ); } //设置聊天状态:在线 or 离线 function setchatstatus(name, status) { callajax(getajaxobject(), "action=" + status + "&name=" + name, function (rs) { if (!rs.success) { alert(rs.info); return ; } if (status == "on" ) { chatname = document.getelementbyid( "name" ).value; settimeout( "receivemsg()" ,500); } loadonlinechatnames(); }); } //加载在线人员名称列表 function loadonlinechatnames(){ callajax(getajaxobject(), "action=onlines" , function (rs) { var lis = "" ; for ( var i=0;i<rs.length;i++) { lis += "<li>" + rs[i] + "</li>" ; } ochatnames.innerhtml = lis; }); } //接收消息列表 function receivemsg() { callajax(ajaxforrecv, "action=receive&name=" + chatname, function (rs) { if (rs.success) { showchatmsgs(rs.msgs, "rc" ); } settimeout( "receivemsg()" , 500); }); } //发送消息 function sendmsg(msg) { callajax(ajaxforsend, "action=send&name=" + chatname + "&msg=" + escape(msg), function (rs) { if (rs.success) { showchatmsgs(rs.msgs, "sd" ); omsg.value = null ; //alert("发送成功!"); } }); } //显示消息 function showchatmsgs(msgs, cssclass) { var loadonline = false ; for ( var i = 0; i < msgs.length; i++) { var msg = msgs[i]; ochatmsgbox.innerhtml += "<div class='" + cssclass + "'><p>[" + msg.name + "] - " + msg.sendtime + " 说:<br/>" + msg.content + "</p></div>" ; if (msg.type == "on" || msg.type == "off" ) { loadonline = true ; } } if (loadonline) { loadonlinechatnames(); } } //调用ajax function callajax(ajax, param, callback) { ajax.open( "post" , "chathandler.ashx" , true ); ajax.setrequestheader( "content-type" , "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ); ajax.onreadystatechange = function () { if (ajax.readystate == 4 && ajax.status == 200) { var json = eval( "(" + ajax.responsetext + ")" ); callback(json); } }; ajax.send(param); } //获取ajax对象(xmlhttprequest) function getajaxobject() { var xmlhttp; if (window.xmlhttprequest) { // code for ie7+, firefox, chrome, opera, safari xmlhttp = new xmlhttprequest(); } else { // code for ie6, ie5 xmlhttp = new activexobject( "microsoft.xmlhttp" ); } return xmlhttp; } </script> </body> </html> |
代码很简单,并都有注释,在此就不作说明了,如果有疑问欢迎在下方评论。
服务端(chathandler.ashx)
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<%@ webhandler language= "c#" class = "chathandler" %> using system; using system.web; using system.collections; using system.collections.generic; using system.linq; using system.web.script.serialization; using system.threading; using system.collections.concurrent; public class chathandler : ihttphandler { private class msg { public string name { get ; set ; } public string sendtime { get ; set ; } public string content { get ; set ; } public string readednams { get ; set ; } public int readedcount { get ; set ; } public string type { get ; set ; } } private static list<msg> msgs = new list<msg>(); private static readerwriterlockslim rwlock = new readerwriterlockslim(); private static object syncobject = new object (),syncobject1 = new object (); private static list< string > onlinenames = new list< string >(); public void processrequest(httpcontext context) { string chatname = context.request.form[ "name" ]; string msg = context.request.form[ "msg" ]; string actionname = context.request.form[ "action" ]; javascriptserializer jsserializer = new javascriptserializer(); object responseobject = null ; switch (actionname) { case "receive" : { responseobject = getnewmessages(chatname); break ; } case "send" : { responseobject = sendmessage(chatname, msg, "normal" ); break ; } case "on" : case "off" : { responseobject = setchatstatus(chatname, actionname); break ; } case "onlines" : { responseobject = onlinenames; break ; } } context.response.contenttype = "text/json" ; context.response.write(jsserializer.serialize(responseobject)); } private object setchatstatus( string chatname, string status) { if (status == "on" ) { if (onlinenames.exists(s => s == chatname)) { return new { success = false , info = "该聊天妮称已经存在,请更换一个名称吧!" }; } lock (syncobject1) { onlinenames.add(chatname); } sendmessage(chatname, "大家好,我进入聊天室了!" , status); return new { success = true , info = string .empty }; } else { lock (syncobject1) { onlinenames.remove(chatname); } sendmessage(chatname, "再见,我离开聊天室了!" , status); return new { success = true , info = string .empty }; } } /// <summary> /// 获取未读的新消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="chatname"></param> /// <returns></returns> private object getnewmessages( string chatname) { //第一种:循环处理 while ( true ) { var newmsgs = msgs.where(m => m.name != chatname && !(m.readednams ?? "" ).contains(chatname)).orderby(m => m.sendtime).tolist(); if (newmsgs != null && newmsgs.count() > 0) { lock (syncobject) { newmsgs. foreach ((m) => { m.readednams += chatname + "," ; m.readedcount++; }); int chatnamecount = onlinenames.count(); msgs.removeall(m => m.readedcount >= chatnamecount); } return new { success = true , msgs = newmsgs }; } thread.sleep(1000); } //第二种方法,采用自旋锁 //list<msg> newmsgs = null; //spinwait.spinuntil(() => //{ // newmsgs = msgs.where(m => m.name != chatname && !(m.readednams ?? "").contains(chatname)).orderby(m => m.sendtime).tolist(); // return newmsgs.count() > 0; //}, -1); //rwlock.enterwritelock(); //newmsgs.foreach(m => //{ // m.readednams += chatname + ","; // m.readedcount++; //}); //rwlock.exitwritelock(); //return new { success = true, msgs = newmsgs }; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="chatname"></param> /// <param name="msg"></param> /// <returns></returns> private object sendmessage( string chatname, string msg, string type) { var newmsg = new msg() { name = chatname, sendtime = datetime.now.tostring( "yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm" ), content =httpcontext.current.server.htmlencode(msg), readednams = null , type = type }; //rwlock.enterwritelock(); lock (syncobject) { msgs.add(newmsg); } //rwlock.exitwritelock(); return new { success = true , msgs = new [] { newmsg } }; } public bool isreusable { get { return false ; } } } |
代码也相对简单,实现原理主要是:
1。聊天消息:循环获取未读的消息,在取出读的消息同时,将其标识为已读,全部已读的消息则删除;--我这里采用了两种方法,第二种方法被注释掉了,大家可以取消注释试试,也是不错的,比第一种更直观,建议使用;
2。发送消息:实例化一个消息实例并加入到聊天消息集合中;
3。状态切换:上线则加入到在线人员集合中,并生成一条上线消息放入到聊天消息集合中,离线则从在线人员集合中移除该人员信息,并生成一条离线消息放入聊天消息集合中;
注意事项,由于采用了全局静态集合,所以线程同步比较重要。
最终的实现效果展示如下:
张三:
李四:
小美:
如果觉得不错的话,给个推荐吧,你的支持是推动我不断前进的动力及写作的源泉,我一直坚持:知识在于分享,分享的同时自己也在成长,希望与大家共同成长,谢谢!