在web页面上我们可以通过frameset,iframe嵌套框架很容易实现各种导航+内容的布局界面，而在winform、wpf中实现其实也很容易，我这里就分享一个：在winform下实现左右布局多窗口界面。
我这里说的多窗口是指一个父窗口包含多个子窗口，在winform中实现这种效果很简单，即将某个窗口的ismdicontainer设为true,然后将其它子窗口的mdiparent设为其父窗口对象即可，这样就完成了一个多窗口界面，效果如下：
点击new新打开一个窗口，其效果如下：
请看我上图红色标注的地方，windows菜单项下面显示的是当前所有已打开的子窗口，点击某个菜单，即可快速切换到其它窗口，若关闭某个子窗口，与之相对应的菜单项也会自动被移除，实现这个功能也很简单，只需要将菜单的mdiwindowlistitem属性设为需要显示活动窗口列表的菜单项即可，如：this.menustrip1.mdiwindowlistitem = this.windowstoolstripmenuitem;
上述示例完整的实现代码如下：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
public partial class formmdi : form{private int formcount = 0;public formmdi(){initializecomponent();this.menustrip1.mdiwindowlistitem = this.windowstoolstripmenuitem;}private void newtoolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e){showchildform<formchild>();}private void showchildform<tform>() where tform : form, new(){tform childform = new tform();childform.name = "frm" + guid.newguid().tostring("n");childform.text = string.format("child form -{0}", ++formcount);childform.mdiparent = this;childform.windowstate = formwindowstate.maximized;childform.show();}} |
相信实现上面这部份功能一般用过winform的人都会操作，我这里就当是复习顺便给新手一个参考，同时也为下面要实现的左右布局功能做一个铺垫吧。
要实现左右布局，并且能够支持可动态调整左右占比的功能，非splitcontainer控件莫属了，如果不了解该控件用法请自行在网上查找相关资料，我这里就不作说明，如果要显示windows已打开的子窗口情况，同样也需要用到menustrip控件，
最终设计的主窗口（formmain）效果如下：
我这里因为只是演示，所以菜单控件上我只添加了两个菜单项，分别为：windows，用于显示windows已打开的子窗口列表，new，用于打开一个子窗口；splitcontainer控件全部采用默认的，没有放置任何控件在其中，如果用在正式系统中，一般左边panel1中会放置一个树形菜单，右边panel2中保持空即可，因为这个是用来作为子窗口的容器。
控件层次结构如下图示：
界面设计好了，下面就实现最重要的两个功能。
第一个功能：在右边panel2中显示子窗口，实现代码如下：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
public formmain()｛this.ismdicontainer = true;｝private void showchildform<tform>() where tform : form, new(){tform childform = new tform();childform.name = "frm" + guid.newguid().tostring("n");childform.text = string.format("child form -{0}", ++formcount);childform.mdiparent = this;childform.parent = splitcontainer1.panel2;childform.windowstate = formwindowstate.maximized;childform.show();} |
简要说明:
1.在窗口构造函数中动态的将ismdicontainer设为true,当然也可以设计视图中设置；
2.编写一个显示写子窗口的方法，方法中需注意的地方：childform.mdiparent = this；childform.parent = splitcontainer1.panel2，意思是：将当前窗口作为子窗口的父窗口，同时将panel2指定为子窗口的父对象，这样就能实现子窗口在panel2中打开了。
第二个功能：在windows菜单项下显示已打开的子窗口列表，这里实现就没有像文章一开始介绍的那样简单，使用那个方法是无效的，需要我们来自行实现，稍微有点复杂，但如果明白其实现原理，也就简单明白了。
实现思路：当childform加载到panel2时，会触发panel2.controladded事件，当childform被关闭时，会触发panel2.controlremoved事件，我们可以统一订阅这两个事件，当childform加载时，那么就在windows菜单项下增加一个菜单项，反之则移除该菜单项，实现代码如下：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
|
this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controladded += panel2_controlchanged;this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controlremoved += panel2_controlchanged;void panel2_controlchanged(object sender, controleventargs e){var frm = e.control as form;string menuname = "menu_" + frm.name;bool exists = this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controls.contains(frm);if (exists){var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){menuitem.checked = true;frm.bringtofront();frm.focus();}else{windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.add(new toolstripmenuitem() { text = frm.text, name = menuname, tag = frm, checked = true });}}else{var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.remove(menuitem);menuitem.dispose();}}}private toolstripmenuitem getmenuitem(string menuname){var menuitems = windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.cast<toolstripmenuitem>();menuitems.tolist().foreach(m => m.checked = false);return menuitems.where(m => m.name == menuname).singleordefault();} |
同时为了实现点击windows菜单项的子菜单能够快速切换子窗口，需要订阅windows菜单项的dropdownitemclicked事件，当然也可以为新增的子菜单项订阅click事件，实现代码如下：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitemclicked += windowstoolstripmenuitem_dropdownitemclicked;void windowstoolstripmenuitem_dropdownitemclicked(object sender, toolstripitemclickedeventargs e){var menuitem = getmenuitem(e.clickeditem.name);menuitem.checked = true;var childform = menuitem.tag as form;childform.bringtofront();childform.focus();}private void checkwindowsmenuitem(string menuname){var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){menuitem.checked = true;}} |
这样就基本实现了在windows菜单项下显示已打开的子窗口列表，并点击指定的菜单项能够切换当前活动的子窗口，但仍有一个不足的地方，那就是，当直接点击子窗口来切换当前活动窗口时（说白了就是当点击某个子窗口标题栏，该窗口就显示在其它所有的子窗口最前面），windows菜单项下的子菜单勾选项没有同步更新，一开始想到的是用activated事件来进行处理，结果经测试发现有效，该activated事件在点击子窗口标题栏时并不会被触发，所以只能换种方法，经过多次测试，发现当窗口从后面切换到前面时（称为z顺序改变），子窗口就会发生重绘，从而触发paint方法，我们可以订阅该事件，并进行处理，实现代码如下：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
private string currentchildformname = null; //记录当前活动子窗口名称childform.paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as form;if (!frm.name.equals(currentchildformname) && this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controls[0].equals(frm)) //当容器中第一个控件就是当前的窗口，则表明该窗口处于所有窗口之上{checkwindowsmenuitem("menu_" + frm.name);currentchildformname = frm.name;}}; |
最后贴出完整的实现代码：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
|
using system;using system.collections.generic;using system.componentmodel;using system.data;using system.drawing;using system.linq;using system.text;using system.threading.tasks;using system.windows.forms;namespace windowsformsapplication1{public partial class formmain : form{private int formcount = 0;private string currentchildformname = null;public formmain(){initializecomponent();this.ismdicontainer = true;this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controladded += panel2_controlchanged;this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controlremoved += panel2_controlchanged;windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitemclicked += windowstoolstripmenuitem_dropdownitemclicked;}void windowstoolstripmenuitem_dropdownitemclicked(object sender, toolstripitemclickedeventargs e){var menuitem = getmenuitem(e.clickeditem.name);menuitem.checked = true;var childform = menuitem.tag as form;childform.bringtofront();childform.focus();}private void formmain_load(object sender, eventargs e){showchildform<formchild>();}private void showchildform<tform>() where tform : form, new(){tform childform = new tform();childform.name = "frm" + guid.newguid().tostring("n");childform.text = string.format("child form -{0}", ++formcount);childform.mdiparent = this;childform.parent = splitcontainer1.panel2;childform.windowstate = formwindowstate.maximized;childform.paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as form;if (!frm.name.equals(currentchildformname) && this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controls[0].equals(frm)) //当容器中第一个控件就是当前的窗口，则表明该窗口处于所有窗口之上{checkwindowsmenuitem("menu_" + frm.name);currentchildformname = frm.name;}};childform.show();}private void checkwindowsmenuitem(string menuname){var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){menuitem.checked = true;}}void panel2_controlchanged(object sender, controleventargs e){var frm = e.control as form;string menuname = "menu_" + frm.name;bool exists = this.splitcontainer1.panel2.controls.contains(frm);if (exists){var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){menuitem.checked = true;frm.bringtofront();frm.focus();}else{windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.add(new toolstripmenuitem() { text = frm.text, name = menuname, tag = frm, checked = true });}}else{var menuitem = getmenuitem(menuname);if (menuitem != null){windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.remove(menuitem);menuitem.dispose();}}}private toolstripmenuitem getmenuitem(string menuname){var menuitems = windowstoolstripmenuitem.dropdownitems.cast<toolstripmenuitem>();menuitems.tolist().foreach(m => m.checked = false);return menuitems.where(m => m.name == menuname).singleordefault();}private void newtoolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e){showchildform<formchild>();}}} |
以下是系统自动生成的代码：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
|
namespace windowsformsapplication1{partial class formmain{/// <summary>/// 必需的设计器变量。/// </summary>private system.componentmodel.icontainer components = null;/// <summary>/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。/// </summary>/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>protected override void dispose(bool disposing){if (disposing && (components != null)){components.dispose();}base.dispose(disposing);}#region windows 窗体设计器生成的代码/// <summary>/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。/// </summary>private void initializecomponent(){this.menustrip1 = new system.windows.forms.menustrip();this.windowstoolstripmenuitem = new system.windows.forms.toolstripmenuitem();this.newtoolstripmenuitem = new system.windows.forms.toolstripmenuitem();this.splitcontainer1 = new system.windows.forms.splitcontainer();this.menustrip1.suspendlayout();((system.componentmodel.isupportinitialize)(this.splitcontainer1)).begininit();this.splitcontainer1.suspendlayout();this.suspendlayout();// // menustrip1// this.menustrip1.items.addrange(new system.windows.forms.toolstripitem[] {this.windowstoolstripmenuitem,this.newtoolstripmenuitem});this.menustrip1.location = new system.drawing.point(0, 0);this.menustrip1.mdiwindowlistitem = this.windowstoolstripmenuitem;this.menustrip1.name = "menustrip1";this.menustrip1.size = new system.drawing.size(1069, 25);this.menustrip1.tabindex = 1;this.menustrip1.text = "menustrip1";// // windowstoolstripmenuitem// this.windowstoolstripmenuitem.name = "windowstoolstripmenuitem";this.windowstoolstripmenuitem.size = new system.drawing.size(73, 21);this.windowstoolstripmenuitem.text = "windows";this.windowstoolstripmenuitem.click += new system.eventhandler(this.windowstoolstripmenuitem_click);// // newtoolstripmenuitem// this.newtoolstripmenuitem.name = "newtoolstripmenuitem";this.newtoolstripmenuitem.size = new system.drawing.size(46, 21);this.newtoolstripmenuitem.text = "new";this.newtoolstripmenuitem.click += new system.eventhandler(this.newtoolstripmenuitem_click);// // splitcontainer1// this.splitcontainer1.backcolor = system.drawing.systemcolors.activecaption;this.splitcontainer1.dock = system.windows.forms.dockstyle.fill;this.splitcontainer1.location = new system.drawing.point(0, 25);this.splitcontainer1.name = "splitcontainer1";// // splitcontainer1.panel2// this.splitcontainer1.panel2.backcolor = system.drawing.systemcolors.scrollbar;this.splitcontainer1.size = new system.drawing.size(1069, 526);this.splitcontainer1.splitterdistance = 356;this.splitcontainer1.tabindex = 2;// // formmain// this.autoscaledimensions = new system.drawing.sizef(6f, 12f);this.autoscalemode = system.windows.forms.autoscalemode.font;this.clientsize = new system.drawing.size(1069, 551);this.controls.add(this.splitcontainer1);this.controls.add(this.menustrip1);this.mainmenustrip = this.menustrip1;this.name = "formmain";this.text = "formmain";this.load += new system.eventhandler(this.formmain_load);this.menustrip1.resumelayout(false);this.menustrip1.performlayout();((system.componentmodel.isupportinitialize)(this.splitcontainer1)).endinit();this.splitcontainer1.resumelayout(false);this.resumelayout(false);this.performlayout();}#endregionprivate system.windows.forms.menustrip menustrip1;private system.windows.forms.toolstripmenuitem windowstoolstripmenuitem;private system.windows.forms.splitcontainer splitcontainer1;private system.windows.forms.toolstripmenuitem newtoolstripmenuitem;}} |
以下是效果演示截图：
以上内容给大家分享了在winform下实现左右布局多窗口界面的方法，有什么更好的实现方法可以在下方评论，不足之处也欢迎指出，谢谢！下面将给大家介绍，感兴趣的朋友继续关注。
