众所周知springboot项目,使用springboot插件打包的话,会打包成一个包含依赖的可执行jar,非常方便。只要有java运行环境的电脑上,运行java -jar xxx.jar就可以直接运行项目。
但是这样的缺点也很明显,如果我要改个配置,要将jar包中的配置文件取出来,修改完再放回去。这样做在windows下还比较容易。如果在linux上面就很费劲了。
另外如果代码中需要读取一些文件(比如说一张图片),也被打进jar中,就没办法像在磁盘中时一句File file = new File(path)代码就可以读取了。(当然这个可以使用spring的ClassPathResource来解决)。
还有很多公司项目上线后,都是增量发布,这样如果只有一个jar 的话,增量发布也是很麻烦的事情。虽然我是很讨厌这种增量发布的方式,因为会造成线上生产环境和开发环境有很多不一致的地方,这样在找问题的时候会走很多弯路。很不幸我现在在的项目也是这样的情况,而且最近接的任务就是用springboot搭建一个定时任务服务,为了维护方便,最后决定将项目打包成zip进行部署。
网上找到了很多springboot打包成zip的文章,不过基本都是将依赖从springboot的jar中拿出来放到lib目录中,再将项目的jar包中META-INF中指定lib到classpath中。这样做还是会有上面的问题。
最后我决定自己通过maven-assembly-plugin来实现这个功能。
打包
首先maven-assembly-plugin是将项目打包的一个插件。可以通过指定配置文件来决定打包的具体要求。
我的想法是将class打包到classes中,配置文件打包到conf中,项目依赖打包到lib中,当然还有自己编写的启动脚本在bin目录中。
如图
maven的target/classes下就是项目编译好的代码和配置文件。原来的做法是在assembly.xml中配置筛选,将该目录下class文件打包进classes中,除class文件打包到conf中(bin目录文件打包进bin目录,项目依赖打包进lib目录)。结果发现conf目录下会有空文件夹(java包路径)。
pom.xml
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< plugin > < artifactId >maven-assembly-plugin</ artifactId > < configuration > < appendAssemblyId >false</ appendAssemblyId > < descriptors > < descriptor >assembly/assembly.xml</ descriptor > </ descriptors > </ configuration > < executions > < execution > < id >make-assembly</ id > < phase >package</ phase > < goals > < goal >single</ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > |
assembly.xml
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< assembly xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd" > < id >package</ id > < formats > < format >zip</ format > </ formats > < includeBaseDirectory >true</ includeBaseDirectory > < dependencySets > < dependencySet > < useProjectArtifact >true</ useProjectArtifact > < outputDirectory >lib</ outputDirectory > < excludes > < exclude > ${groupId}:${artifactId} </ exclude > </ excludes > </ dependencySet > </ dependencySets > < fileSets > < fileSet > < directory >bin</ directory > < outputDirectory >/bin</ outputDirectory > < fileMode >777</ fileMode > </ fileSet > < fileSet > < directory >${project.build.directory}/conf</ directory > < outputDirectory >/conf</ outputDirectory > < excludes > < exclude >**/*.class</ exclude > < exclude >META-INF/*</ exclude > </ excludes > </ fileSet > < fileSet > < directory >${project.build.directory}/classes</ directory > < outputDirectory >/classes</ outputDirectory > < includes > < include >**/*.class</ include > < include >META-INF/*</ include > </ includes > </ fileSet > </ fileSets > </ assembly > |
其实这样是不影响项目运行的,但是我看着很难受,尝试了很多方法去修改配置来达到不打包空文件夹的效果。但是都没成功。
然后我换了个方式,通过maven-resources-plugin插件将配置文件在编译的时候就复制一份到target/conf目录下,打包的时候配置文件从conf目录中取。这样就可以避免打包空白文件夹到conf目录中的情况。
pom.xml
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< build > < plugins > < plugin > < artifactId >maven-resources-plugin</ artifactId > < executions > < execution > < id >compile-resources</ id > < goals > < goal >resources</ goal > </ goals > < configuration > < encoding >utf-8</ encoding > < useDefaultDelimiters >true</ useDefaultDelimiters > < resources > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >true</ filtering > < includes > <!--只对yml文件进行替换--> < include >*.yml</ include > </ includes > </ resource > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >false</ filtering > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ execution > < execution > < id >-resources</ id > < goals > < goal >resources</ goal > </ goals > < configuration > < encoding >utf-8</ encoding > < useDefaultDelimiters >true</ useDefaultDelimiters > < resources > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >true</ filtering > < includes > <!--只对yml文件进行替换--> < include >*.yml</ include > </ includes > </ resource > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >false</ filtering > </ resource > </ resources > < outputDirectory >${project.build.directory}/conf</ outputDirectory > </ configuration > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > <!-- springboot maven打包--> < plugin > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-maven-plugin</ artifactId > </ plugin > < plugin > < artifactId >maven-assembly-plugin</ artifactId > < configuration > < appendAssemblyId >false</ appendAssemblyId > < descriptors > < descriptor >assembly/assembly.xml</ descriptor > </ descriptors > </ configuration > < executions > < execution > < id >make-assembly</ id > < phase >package</ phase > < goals > < goal >single</ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > |
assembly.xml
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< assembly xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd" > < id >package</ id > < formats > < format >zip</ format > < format >tar.gz</ format > </ formats > < includeBaseDirectory >true</ includeBaseDirectory > < dependencySets > < dependencySet > < useProjectArtifact >true</ useProjectArtifact > < outputDirectory >lib</ outputDirectory > < excludes > < exclude > ${groupId}:${artifactId} </ exclude > </ excludes > </ dependencySet > </ dependencySets > < fileSets > < fileSet > < directory >bin</ directory > < outputDirectory >/bin</ outputDirectory > < fileMode >777</ fileMode > </ fileSet > < fileSet > < directory >${project.build.directory}/conf</ directory > < outputDirectory >/conf</ outputDirectory > </ fileSet > < fileSet > < directory >${project.build.directory}/classes</ directory > < outputDirectory >/classes</ outputDirectory > < includes > < include >**/*.class</ include > < include >META-INF/*</ include > </ includes > </ fileSet > </ fileSets > </ assembly > |
pom文件中resources插件配置了2个execution,一个是正常往classes中写配置文件的execution,一个是往conf写配置文件的execution。这样做的好处是不影响maven本身的打包逻辑。如果再配置一个springboot的打包插件,也可以正常打包,执行。
执行
原来打包成jar后,只要一句java -jar xxx.jar就可以启动项目。现在为多个文件夹的情况下,就要手动指定环境,通过java -classpath XXX xxx.xxx.MainClass来启动项目,所以写了启动脚本。
run.sh
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#!/bin/bash #Java程序所在的目录(classes的上一级目录) APP_HOME=.. #需要启动的Java主程序(main方法类) APP_MAIN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication" #拼凑完整的classpath参数,包括指定lib目录下所有的jar CLASSPATH="$APP_HOME/conf:$APP_HOME/lib/*:$APP_HOME/classes" s_pid=0 checkPid() { java_ps=`jps -l | grep $APP_MAIN_CLASS` if [ -n "$java_ps" ]; then s_pid=`echo $java_ps | awk '{print $1}'` else s_pid=0 fi } start() { checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo "================================================================" echo "warn: $APP_MAIN_CLASS already started! (pid=$s_pid)" echo "================================================================" else echo -n "Starting $APP_MAIN_CLASS ..." nohup java -classpath $CLASSPATH $APP_MAIN_CLASS >./st.out 2>&1 & checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo "(pid=$s_pid) [OK]" else echo "[Failed]" fi fi } echo "start project......" start run.cmd @echo off set APP_HOME=.. set CLASS_PATH=%APP_HOME%/lib/*;%APP_HOME%/classes;%APP_HOME%/conf; set APP_MAIN_CLASS=io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication java -classpath %CLASS_PATH% %APP_MAIN_CLASS% |
这样就可以启动项目了。
停止
linux下停止tomcat一般怎么做?当然是通过运行shutdown.sh。这样做有什么好处呢?可以优雅停机。何为优雅停机?简单点说就是让代码把做了一半工作的做完,还没做的(新的任务,请求)就不要做了,然后停机。
因为做的是定时任务处理数据的功能。试想下如果一个任务做了一半,我给停了,这个任务处理的数据被我标记了在处理中,下次重启后,就不再处理,那么这些数据就一直不会再被处理。所以需要像tomcat一样能优雅停机。
网上查询springboot优雅停机相关资料。主要是使用spring-boot-starter-actuator,不过很多人说这个在1.X的springboot中可以用,springboot 2.X不能用,需要自己写相关代码来支持,亲测springboot 2.0.4.RELEASE可以用。pom文件中引入相关依赖。
pom.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion > < parent > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-parent</ artifactId > < version >2.0.4.RELEASE</ version > < relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </ parent > < groupId >io.github.loanon</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-zip</ artifactId > < version >1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</ version > < properties > < java.version >1.8</ java.version > < encoding >UTF-8</ encoding > < maven.compiler.encoding >UTF-8</ maven.compiler.encoding > < project.build.sourceEncoding >UTF-8</ project.build.sourceEncoding > < project.reporting.outputEncoding >UTF-8</ project.reporting.outputEncoding > < maven.compiler.source >${java.version}</ maven.compiler.source > < maven.compiler.target >${java.version}</ maven.compiler.target > </ properties > < dependencies > < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-web</ artifactId > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-logging</ artifactId > </ dependency > <!-- springboot监控 --> < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-actuator</ artifactId > </ dependency > <!--springboot自定义配置--> < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-autoconfigure-processor</ artifactId > </ dependency > <!--定时任务--> < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-quartz</ artifactId > </ dependency > <!--发送http请求 --> < dependency > < groupId >org.apache.httpcomponents</ groupId > < artifactId >httpclient</ artifactId > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >org.apache.httpcomponents</ groupId > < artifactId >httpmime</ artifactId > </ dependency > </ dependencies > < build > < plugins > < plugin > < artifactId >maven-resources-plugin</ artifactId > < executions > < execution > < id >compile-resources</ id > < goals > < goal >resources</ goal > </ goals > < configuration > < encoding >utf-8</ encoding > < useDefaultDelimiters >true</ useDefaultDelimiters > < resources > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >true</ filtering > < includes > <!--只对yml文件进行替换--> < include >*.yml</ include > </ includes > </ resource > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >false</ filtering > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ execution > < execution > < id >-resources</ id > < goals > < goal >resources</ goal > </ goals > < configuration > < encoding >utf-8</ encoding > < useDefaultDelimiters >true</ useDefaultDelimiters > < resources > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >true</ filtering > < includes > <!--只对yml文件进行替换--> < include >*.yml</ include > </ includes > </ resource > < resource > < directory >src/main/resources/</ directory > < filtering >false</ filtering > </ resource > </ resources > < outputDirectory >${project.build.directory}/conf</ outputDirectory > </ configuration > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > <!-- springboot maven打包--> < plugin > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-maven-plugin</ artifactId > </ plugin > < plugin > < artifactId >maven-assembly-plugin</ artifactId > < configuration > < appendAssemblyId >false</ appendAssemblyId > < descriptors > < descriptor >assembly/assembly.xml</ descriptor > </ descriptors > </ configuration > < executions > < execution > < id >make-assembly</ id > < phase >package</ phase > < goals > < goal >single</ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > </ project > |
在application.yml中配置一下
application.yml
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management: #开启监控管理,优雅停机 server: ssl: enabled: false endpoints: web: exposure: include: "*" endpoint: health: show-details: always shutdown: enabled: true #启用shutdown端点 |
启动项目,可以通过POST方式访问/actuator/shutdown让项目停机。
实际线上可能没办法方便的发送POST请求,所以写个类处理下
Shutdown.java
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package io.github.loanon.springboot; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import java.io.IOException; /** * 应用关闭入口 * @author dingzg */ public class Shutdown { public static void main(String[] args) { String url = null ; if (args.length > 0 ) { url = args[ 0 ]; } else { return ; } HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); try { httpClient.execute(httpPost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
只要将启动脚本中的启动类改成Shutdown类,并指定请求的地址即可。
stop.sh
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#!/bin/bash #Java程序所在的目录(classes的上一级目录) APP_HOME=.. #需要启动的Java主程序(main方法类) APP_MAIN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication" SHUTDOWN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.Shutdown" #拼凑完整的classpath参数,包括指定lib目录下所有的jar CLASSPATH="$APP_HOME/conf:$APP_HOME/lib/*:$APP_HOME/classes" ARGS="http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/shutdown" s_pid=0 checkPid() { java_ps=`jps -l | grep $APP_MAIN_CLASS` if [ -n "$java_ps" ]; then s_pid=`echo $java_ps | awk '{print $1}'` else s_pid=0 fi } stop() { checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo -n "Stopping $APP_MAIN_CLASS ...(pid=$s_pid) " nohup java -classpath $CLASSPATH $SHUTDOWN_CLASS $ARGS >./shutdown.out 2>&1 & if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "[OK]" else echo "[Failed]" fi sleep 3 checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then stop else echo "$APP_MAIN_CLASS Stopped" fi else echo "================================================================" echo "warn: $APP_MAIN_CLASS is not running" echo "================================================================" fi } echo "stop project......" stop stop.cmd @echo off set APP_HOME=.. set CLASS_PATH=%APP_HOME%/lib/*;%APP_HOME%/classes;%APP_HOME%/conf; set SHUTDOWN_CLASS=io.github.loanon.springboot.Shutdown set ARGS=http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/shutdown java -classpath %CLASS_PATH% %SHUTDOWN_CLASS% %ARGS% |
这样就可以通过脚本来启停项目。
其他
关于停机这块还是有缺点,主要是安全性。如果不加校验都可以访问接口,别人也就可以随便让我们的项目停机,实际操作过程中我是通过将web地址绑定到127.0.0.1这个地址上,不允许远程访问。当然也可添加spring-security做严格的权限控制,主要项目中没有用到web功能,只是spring-quartz的定时任务功能,所以就将地址绑定到本地才能访问。而且项目本身也是在内网运行,基本可以保证安全。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/jimmyfan/p/11340899.html