1.简述：
xlrd是读取excel表格数据；
支持 xlsx和xls 格式的excel表格；
三方模块安装方式：pip3 install xlrd；
模块导入方式： import xlrd
2.xlrd模块的基本操作
Xler的操作主要分两步：
其一时获取book对象，
其二book对象再次进行excel的读取操作。
2.1打开excel文件获取book对象
xlrd.open_workbook(filename[,logfile,file_contents,…])
如果filename 文件名不存在，则会报错 FilenotFoundError。
如果filename 文件名存在，则会返回一个xrld.book.Book 对象。 import xlrd
Workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop银联测试案例.xls")
print(Workbook)
2.2获取xlrd.book.Book 对象中的所有sheet名称
Names = Workbook.sheet_names()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
names = workbook.sheet_names()
print(names)
2.3获取xlrd.book.Book对象中的所有sheet对象
Sheets = workbook.sheets()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
names = workbook.sheets()
print(names)
获取单个的sheet页对象
三种方式 ：
第一种 worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index()
第二种 worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name()
第三种 worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UserslwDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
print(worksheet1,worksheet2,worksheet3)
2.4判断xlrd.book.Book对象中某个sheet对象是否导入
通过文件名
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UserslwDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
print(workbook.sheet_loaded("公司分部"))
通过索引
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UserslwDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
print(workbook.sheet_loaded(0))
3.sheet对象的基本操作
3.1行操作
①获取所有行数
Rows = sheet.nrows 特别注意，这是属性而不是方法，不加括号。
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UserslwDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
print(worksheet1.nrows)
②获取某行的数据，值为列表形式
Value = sheet.row_values()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UserslwDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
value = worksheet1.row_values(1)
print(value)
③获取某行的类型及数据
Sheet.row()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
value = worksheet1.row(1)
print(value)
④获取某行的类型的列表
Sheet.row_types()
单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
value = worksheet1.row_types(1)
print(value)
⑤以切片形式获取某行的类型及数据
Sheet.row_slice() 记录分隔符为
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
value = worksheet1.row_slice(1)
print(value)
⑥获取某行的长度
Sheet.len()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
value = worksheet1.row_len(1)
print(value)
⑦获取sheet的所有生成器
Sheet.get_rows()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
row = worksheet1.get_rows()
for one in row:
print(one)
3.2列操作
①获取有效列数
Sheet.cols 注意：此处为属性不加括号
②获取某列数据
Sheet.values()
③获取某列类型
Sheet.types()
单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；
④以slice切片方式获取某列数据
Sheet.value_slice()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
cols = worksheet1.col
value = worksheet1.col_values(0)
type = worksheet1.col_types(0)
valuesl = worksheet1.col_slice(0)
print(cols)
print("----------------------")
print(value)
print("----------------------")
print(type)
print("----------------------")
print(valuesl)
3.3单元格操作
①获取单元格数据对象。 sheet.cell(rowx,colx)类型为xlrd.sheet.Cell
②获取单元格类型。Sheet.cell_type(rowx,colx)
单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；
③获取单元格数据。
Sheet.cell_value(rowx,colx)
3.4对单元格中的日期/时间操作
单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；
①xlrd.xldate_as_tuple()
“{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}”.format(date[0],date[1],date[2])
②xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(value,mode).strftime(“%Y-%m-%d”)
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("C:UsersliDesktop测试用例.xlsx")
import datetime
sheet2_object = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
value_type = sheet2_object.cell(0, 1).ctype
value_type = sheet2_object.cell_value(1, 4)
data = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(value_type,0)
print(data.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
date = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_tuple(value_type,0)
print("{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}".format(date[0],date[1],date[2]))
到此这篇关于Python中的xlrd模块使用整理的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关xlrd模块的使用内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家！
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42439274/article/details/117882897
