HTTP基本认证
在HTTP中，HTTP基本认证（Basic Authentication）是一种允许网页浏览器或其他客户端程序以(用户名：口令) 请求资源的身份验证方式，不要求cookie,session identifier、login page等标记或载体。
- 所有浏览器据支持HTTP基本认证方式
- 基本身证原理不保证传输凭证的安全性，仅被based64编码，并没有encrypted或者hashed，一般部署在客户端和服务端互信的网络，在公网中应用BA认证通常与https结合
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication
BA标准协议
BA认证协议的实施主要依靠约定的请求头/响应头，典型的浏览器和服务器的BA认证流程：
① 浏览器请求应用了BA协议的网站，服务端响应一个401认证失败响应码，并写入WWW-Authenticate响应头，指示服务端支持BA协议
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="our site" # WWW-Authenticate响应头包含一个realm域属性，指明HTTP基本认证的是这个资源集
或客户端在第一次请求时发送正确Authorization标头，从而避免被质询
② 客户端based64(用户名：口令），作为Authorization标头值 重新发送请求。
Authorization: Basic userid:password
所以在HTTP基本认证中认证范围与 realm有关（具体由服务端定义）
> 一般浏览器客户端对于www-Authenticate质询结果，会弹出口令输入窗.
BA编程实践
aspnetcore网站利用FileServerMiddleware 将路径映射到某文件资源， 现对该 文件资源访问路径应用 Http BA协议。
ASP.NET Core服务端实现BA认证：
① 实现服务端基本认证的认证过程、质询逻辑
②实现基本身份认证交互中间件BasicAuthenticationMiddleware ,要求对HttpContext使用 BA.Scheme
③ASP.NET Core 添加认证计划 , 为文件资源访问路径启用 BA中间件，注意使用UseWhen插入中间件
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using System;using System.Net.Http.Headers;using System.Security.Claims;using System.Text;using System.Text.Encodings.Web;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;namespace EqidManager.Services{ public static class BasicAuthenticationScheme { public const string DefaultScheme = "Basic"; } public class BasicAuthenticationOption:AuthenticationSchemeOptions { public string Realm { get; set; } public string UserName { get; set; } public string UserPwd { get; set; } } public class BasicAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<BasicAuthenticationOption> { private readonly BasicAuthenticationOption authOptions; public BasicAuthenticationHandler( IOptionsMonitor<BasicAuthenticationOption> options, ILoggerFactory logger, UrlEncoder encoder, ISystemClock clock) : base(options, logger, encoder, clock) { authOptions = options.CurrentValue; } /// <summary> /// 认证 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync() { if (!Request.Headers.ContainsKey("Authorization")) return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Missing Authorization Header"); string username, password; try { var authHeader = AuthenticationHeaderValue.Parse(Request.Headers["Authorization"]); var credentialBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(authHeader.Parameter); var credentials = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(credentialBytes).Split(':'); username = credentials[0]; password = credentials[1]; var isValidUser= IsAuthorized(username,password); if(isValidUser== false) { return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid username or password"); } } catch { return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid Authorization Header"); } var claims = new[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,username), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,username), }; var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, Scheme.Name); var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity); var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name); return await Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket)); } /// <summary> /// 质询 /// </summary> /// <param name="properties"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task HandleChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) { Response.Headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = $"Basic realm=\"{Options.Realm}\""; await base.HandleChallengeAsync(properties); } /// <summary> /// 认证失败 /// </summary> /// <param name="properties"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task HandleForbiddenAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) { await base.HandleForbiddenAsync(properties); } private bool IsAuthorized(string username, string password) { return username.Equals(authOptions.UserName, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) && password.Equals(authOptions.UserPwd); } }} |
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// HTTP基本认证Middleware public static class BasicAuthentication { public static void UseBasicAuthentication(this IApplicationBuilder app) { app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>(); } }public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware{ private readonly RequestDelegate _next; private readonly ILogger _logger; public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerFactory LoggerFactory) { _next = next; _logger = LoggerFactory.CreateLogger<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>(); } public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext, IAuthenticationService authenticationService) { var authenticated = await authenticationService.AuthenticateAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme); _logger.LogInformation("Access Status：" + authenticated.Succeeded); if (!authenticated.Succeeded) { await authenticationService.ChallengeAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme, new AuthenticationProperties { }); return; } await _next(httpContext); }} |
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// HTTP基本认证Middleware public static class BasicAuthentication { public static void UseBasicAuthentication(this IApplicationBuilder app) { app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>(); } }public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware{ private readonly RequestDelegate _next; private readonly ILogger _logger; public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerFactory LoggerFactory) { _next = next; _logger = LoggerFactory.CreateLogger<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>(); } public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext, IAuthenticationService authenticationService) { var authenticated = await authenticationService.AuthenticateAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme); _logger.LogInformation("Access Status：" + authenticated.Succeeded); if (!authenticated.Succeeded) { await authenticationService.ChallengeAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme, new AuthenticationProperties { }); return; } await _next(httpContext); }} |
Startup.cs 文件添加并启用HTTP基本认证
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services.AddAuthentication(BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme) .AddScheme<BasicAuthenticationOption, BasicAuthenticationHandler>(BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme,null);app.UseWhen( predicate:x => x.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString(_protectedResourceOption.Path)), configuration:appBuilder => { appBuilder.UseBasicAuthentication()； } ); |
以上BA认证的服务端已经完成，现在可以在浏览器测试：
进一步思考？
浏览器在BA协议中行为： 编程实现BA客户端，要的同学可以直接拿去
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/// <summary> /// BA认证请求Handler /// </summary> public class BasicAuthenticationClientHandler : HttpClientHandler { public static string BAHeaderNames = "authorization"; private RemoteBasicAuth _remoteAccount; public BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(RemoteBasicAuth remoteAccount) { _remoteAccount = remoteAccount; AllowAutoRedirect = false; UseCookies = true; } protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var authorization = $"{_remoteAccount.UserName}:{_remoteAccount.Password}"; var authorizationBased64 = "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization)); request.Headers.Remove(BAHeaderNames); request.Headers.Add(BAHeaderNames, authorizationBased64); return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); } } // 生成basic Authentication请求 services.AddHttpClient("eqid-ba-request", x => x.BaseAddress = new Uri(_proxyOption.Scheme +"://"+ _proxyOption.Host+":"+_proxyOption.Port ) ) .ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(y => new BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(_remoteAccount){} ) .SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2));仿BA认证协议中的浏览器行为 |
That's All . BA认证是随处可见的基础认证协议，本文期待以最清晰的方式帮助你理解协议:
实现了基本认证协议服务端，客户端；
到此这篇关于ASP.NET Core 实现基本认证的示例代码的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关ASP.NET Core基本认证内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家！
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/JulianHuang/p/10345365.html
