在.net的项目开发中,经常会对XML文件进行操作,由于XML文件可以实现跨平台传输,较多的应用在数据传输中,特总结以下几种常用的XML操作方法:
1.创建XML文档:
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/// <summary> /// 创建XML文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">根节点名称</param> /// <param name="type">根节点的一个属性值</param> /// <returns>XmlDocument对象</returns> public static XmlDocument CreateXmlDocument( string name, string type) { XmlDocument doc; try { doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml( "<" + name + "/>" ); var rootEle = doc.DocumentElement; rootEle?.SetAttribute( "type" , type); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return doc; } |
2.读取XML文档中的数据:
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/// <summary> /// 读取数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时返回该属性值,否则返回串联值</param> /// <returns>string</returns> public static string Read( string path, string node, string attribute) { var value = "" ; try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); if (xn != null && xn.Attributes != null ) value = (attribute.Equals( "" ) ? xn.InnerText : xn.Attributes[attribute].Value); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return value; } |
3.对XML文档插入数据:
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/// <summary> /// 插入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="element">元素名,非空时插入新元素,否则在该元素中插入属性</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时插入该元素属性值,否则插入元素值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Insert( string path, string node, string element, string attribute, string value) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); if (element.Equals( "" )) { if (!attribute.Equals( "" )) { var xe = (XmlElement)xn; xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); //xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); } } else { var xe = doc.CreateElement(element); if (attribute.Equals( "" )) xe.InnerText = value; else xe.SetAttribute(attribute, value); xn?.AppendChild(xe); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } } |
4.修改XML文档中的数据:
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/// <summary> /// 修改数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时修改该节点属性值,否则修改节点值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Update( string path, string node, string attribute, string value) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); var xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals( "" )) { if (xe != null ) xe.InnerText = value; } else { xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } } |
5.删除XML文档中数据:
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/// <summary> /// 删除数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时删除该节点属性值,否则删除节点值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Delete( string path, string node, string attribute) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); var xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals( "" )) { xn?.ParentNode?.RemoveChild(xn); } else { xe?.RemoveAttribute(attribute); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } } |
6.读取XML文档中指定节点数据:
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/// <summary> /// 获得xml文件中指定节点的节点数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="nodeName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetNodeInfoByNodeName( string path, string nodeName) { var xmlString = string .Empty; try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); var root = xml.DocumentElement; if (root == null ) return xmlString; var node = root.SelectSingleNode( "//" + nodeName); if (node != null ) { xmlString = node.InnerText; } } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return xmlString; } |
7.获取XML指定节点的属性:
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/// <summary> /// 功能:读取指定节点的指定属性值 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="strNode">节点名称</param> /// <param name="strAttribute">此节点的属性</param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetXmlNodeAttributeValue( string path, string strNode, string strAttribute) { var strReturn = "" ; try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); //根据指定路径获取节点 var xmlNode = xml.SelectSingleNode(strNode); if (xmlNode != null ) { //获取节点的属性,并循环取出需要的属性值 var xmlAttr = xmlNode.Attributes; if (xmlAttr == null ) return strReturn; for (var i = 0; i < xmlAttr.Count; i++) { if (xmlAttr.Item(i).Name != strAttribute) continue ; strReturn = xmlAttr.Item(i).Value; break ; } } } catch (XmlException xmle) { throw new Exception(xmle.Message); } return strReturn; } |
8.设置XML文档中指定节点的属性:
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/// <summary> /// 功能:设置节点的属性值 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="xmlNodePath">节点名称</param> /// <param name="xmlNodeAttribute">属性名称</param> /// <param name="xmlNodeAttributeValue">属性值</param> public void SetXmlNodeAttributeValue( string path, string xmlNodePath, string xmlNodeAttribute, string xmlNodeAttributeValue) { try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); //可以批量为符合条件的节点的属性付值 var xmlNode = xml.SelectNodes(xmlNodePath); if (xmlNode == null ) return ; foreach (var xmlAttr in from XmlNode xn in xmlNode select xn.Attributes) { if (xmlAttr == null ) return ; for (var i = 0; i < xmlAttr.Count; i++) { if (xmlAttr.Item(i).Name != xmlNodeAttribute) continue ; xmlAttr.Item(i).Value = xmlNodeAttributeValue; break ; } } } catch (XmlException xmle) { throw new Exception(xmle.Message); } } |
9.读取XML文档指定节点的值:
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/// <summary> /// 读取XML资源中的指定节点内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="source">XML资源</param> /// <param name="xmlType">XML资源类型:文件,字符串</param> /// <param name="nodeName">节点名称</param> /// <returns>节点内容</returns> public static object GetNodeValue( string source, XmlType xmlType, string nodeName) { var xd = new XmlDocument(); if (xmlType == XmlType.File) { xd.Load(source); } else { xd.LoadXml(source); } var xe = xd.DocumentElement; XmlNode xn = null ; if (xe != null ) { xn= xe.SelectSingleNode( "//" + nodeName); } return xn.InnerText; } |
10.更新XML文档指定节点的内容:
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/// <summary> /// 更新XML文件中的指定节点内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param> /// <param name="nodeName">节点名称</param> /// <param name="nodeValue">更新内容</param> /// <returns>更新是否成功</returns> public static bool UpdateNode( string filePath, string nodeName, string nodeValue) { try { bool flag; var xd = new XmlDocument(); xd.Load(filePath); var xe = xd.DocumentElement; if (xe == null ) return false ; var xn = xe.SelectSingleNode( "//" + nodeName); if (xn != null ) { xn.InnerText = nodeValue; flag = true ; } else { flag = false ; } return flag; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } } 复制代码 11.将对象转化为XML文件,并存入指定目录: 复制代码 /// <summary> /// 将对象转化为xml,并写入指定路径的xml文件中 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">C#对象名</typeparam> /// <param name="item">对象实例</param> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="jjdbh">标号</param> /// <param name="ends">结束符号(整个xml的路径类似如下:C:\xmltest\201111send.xml,其中path=C:\xmltest,jjdbh=201111,ends=send)</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string WriteXml<T>(T item, string path, string jjdbh, string ends) { if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(ends)) { //默认为发送 ends = "send" ; } //控制写入文件的次数 var i = 0; //获取当前对象的类型,也可以使用反射typeof(对象名) var serializer = new XmlSerializer(item.GetType()); //xml的路径组合 object [] obj = { path, "\\" , jjdbh, ends, ".xml" }; var xmlPath = string .Concat(obj); while ( true ) { try { //用filestream方式创建文件不会出现“文件正在占用中,用File.create”则不行 var fs = System.IO.File.Create(xmlPath); fs.Close(); TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(xmlPath, false , Encoding.UTF8); var xml = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); xml.Add( string .Empty, string .Empty); serializer.Serialize(writer, item, xml); writer.Flush(); writer.Close(); break ; } catch (Exception) { if (i < 5) { i++; continue ; } break ; } } return SerializeToXmlStr<T>(item, true ); } |
12.向一个已经存在的父节点中插入一个子节点:
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/// <summary> /// 向一个已经存在的父节点中插入一个子节点 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="parentNodePath">父节点</param> /// <param name="childnodename">子节点名称</param> public void AddChildNode( string path, string parentNodePath, string childnodename) { try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); var parentXmlNode = xml.SelectSingleNode(parentNodePath); XmlNode childXmlNode = xml.CreateElement(childnodename); if ((parentXmlNode) != null ) { //如果此节点存在 parentXmlNode.AppendChild(childXmlNode); } else { //如果不存在就放父节点添加 GetXmlRoot(path).AppendChild(childXmlNode); } } catch (XmlException xmle) { throw new Exception(xmle.Message); } } |
以上的方法总结采用.net4.5版本和c#6.0语法,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。