简介
pandas中的DF数据类型可以像数据库表格一样进行groupby操作。通常来说groupby操作可以分为三部分:分割数据,应用变换和和合并数据。
本文将会详细讲解Pandas中的groupby操作。
分割数据
分割数据的目的是将DF分割成为一个个的group。为了进行groupby操作,在创建DF的时候需要指定相应的label:
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df = pd.DataFrame( ...: { ...: "A" : [ "foo" , "bar" , "foo" , "bar" , "foo" , "bar" , "foo" , "foo" ], ...: "B" : [ "one" , "one" , "two" , "three" , "two" , "two" , "one" , "three" ], ...: "C" : np.random.randn( 8 ), ...: "D" : np.random.randn( 8 ), ...: } ...: ) ...: df Out[ 61 ]: A B C D 0 foo one - 0.490565 - 0.233106 1 bar one 0.430089 1.040789 2 foo two 0.653449 - 1.155530 3 bar three - 0.610380 - 0.447735 4 foo two - 0.934961 0.256358 5 bar two - 0.256263 - 0.661954 6 foo one - 1.132186 - 0.304330 7 foo three 2.129757 0.445744 |
默认情况下,groupby的轴是x轴。可以一列group,也可以多列group:
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In [ 8 ]: grouped = df.groupby( "A" ) In [ 9 ]: grouped = df.groupby([ "A" , "B" ]) |
多index
在0.24版本中,如果我们有多index,可以从中选择特定的index进行group:
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In [ 10 ]: df2 = df.set_index([ "A" , "B" ]) In [ 11 ]: grouped = df2.groupby(level = df2.index.names.difference([ "B" ])) In [ 12 ]: grouped. sum () Out[ 12 ]: C D A bar - 1.591710 - 1.739537 foo - 0.752861 - 1.402938 |
get_group
get_group 可以获取分组之后的数据:
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In [ 24 ]: df3 = pd.DataFrame({ "X" : [ "A" , "B" , "A" , "B" ], "Y" : [ 1 , 4 , 3 , 2 ]}) In [ 25 ]: df3.groupby([ "X" ]).get_group( "A" ) Out[ 25 ]: X Y 0 A 1 2 A 3 In [ 26 ]: df3.groupby([ "X" ]).get_group( "B" ) Out[ 26 ]: X Y 1 B 4 3 B 2 |
dropna
默认情况下,NaN数据会被排除在groupby之外,通过设置 dropna=False 可以允许NaN数据:
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In [ 27 ]: df_list = [[ 1 , 2 , 3 ], [ 1 , None , 4 ], [ 2 , 1 , 3 ], [ 1 , 2 , 2 ]] In [ 28 ]: df_dropna = pd.DataFrame(df_list, columns = [ "a" , "b" , "c" ]) In [ 29 ]: df_dropna Out[ 29 ]: a b c 0 1 2.0 3 1 1 NaN 4 2 2 1.0 3 3 1 2.0 2 |
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# Default ``dropna`` is set to True, which will exclude NaNs in keys In [ 30 ]: df_dropna.groupby(by = [ "b" ], dropna = True ). sum () Out[ 30 ]: a c b 1.0 2 3 2.0 2 5 # In order to allow NaN in keys, set ``dropna`` to False In [ 31 ]: df_dropna.groupby(by = [ "b" ], dropna = False ). sum () Out[ 31 ]: a c b 1.0 2 3 2.0 2 5 NaN 1 4 |
groups属性
groupby对象有个groups属性,它是一个key-value字典,key是用来分类的数据,value是分类对应的值。
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In [ 34 ]: grouped = df.groupby([ "A" , "B" ]) In [ 35 ]: grouped.groups Out[ 35 ]: {( 'bar' , 'one' ): [ 1 ], ( 'bar' , 'three' ): [ 3 ], ( 'bar' , 'two' ): [ 5 ], ( 'foo' , 'one' ): [ 0 , 6 ], ( 'foo' , 'three' ): [ 7 ], ( 'foo' , 'two' ): [ 2 , 4 ]} In [ 36 ]: len (grouped) Out[ 36 ]: 6 |
index的层级
对于多级index对象,groupby可以指定group的index层级:
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In [ 40 ]: arrays = [ ....: [ "bar" , "bar" , "baz" , "baz" , "foo" , "foo" , "qux" , "qux" ], ....: [ "one" , "two" , "one" , "two" , "one" , "two" , "one" , "two" ], ....: ] ....: In [ 41 ]: index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(arrays, names = [ "first" , "second" ]) In [ 42 ]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randn( 8 ), index = index) In [ 43 ]: s Out[ 43 ]: first second bar one - 0.919854 two - 0.042379 baz one 1.247642 two - 0.009920 foo one 0.290213 two 0.495767 qux one 0.362949 two 1.548106 dtype: float64 |
group第一级:
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In [ 44 ]: grouped = s.groupby(level = 0 ) In [ 45 ]: grouped. sum () Out[ 45 ]: first bar - 0.962232 baz 1.237723 foo 0.785980 qux 1.911055 dtype: float64 |
group第二级:
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In [ 46 ]: s.groupby(level = "second" ). sum () Out[ 46 ]: second one 0.980950 two 1.991575 dtype: float64 |
group的遍历
得到group对象之后,我们可以通过for语句来遍历group:
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In [ 62 ]: grouped = df.groupby( 'A' ) In [ 63 ]: for name, group in grouped: ....: print (name) ....: print (group) ....: bar A B C D 1 bar one 0.254161 1.511763 3 bar three 0.215897 - 0.990582 5 bar two - 0.077118 1.211526 foo A B C D 0 foo one - 0.575247 1.346061 2 foo two - 1.143704 1.627081 4 foo two 1.193555 - 0.441652 6 foo one - 0.408530 0.268520 7 foo three - 0.862495 0.024580 |
如果是多字段group,group的名字是一个元组:
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In [ 64 ]: for name, group in df.groupby([ 'A' , 'B' ]): ....: print (name) ....: print (group) ....: ( 'bar' , 'one' ) A B C D 1 bar one 0.254161 1.511763 ( 'bar' , 'three' ) A B C D 3 bar three 0.215897 - 0.990582 ( 'bar' , 'two' ) A B C D 5 bar two - 0.077118 1.211526 ( 'foo' , 'one' ) A B C D 0 foo one - 0.575247 1.346061 6 foo one - 0.408530 0.268520 ( 'foo' , 'three' ) A B C D 7 foo three - 0.862495 0.02458 ( 'foo' , 'two' ) A B C D 2 foo two - 1.143704 1.627081 4 foo two 1.193555 - 0.441652 |
聚合操作
分组之后,就可以进行聚合操作:
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In [ 67 ]: grouped = df.groupby( "A" ) In [ 68 ]: grouped.aggregate(np. sum ) Out[ 68 ]: C D A bar 0.392940 1.732707 foo - 1.796421 2.824590 In [ 69 ]: grouped = df.groupby([ "A" , "B" ]) In [ 70 ]: grouped.aggregate(np. sum ) Out[ 70 ]: C D A B bar one 0.254161 1.511763 three 0.215897 - 0.990582 two - 0.077118 1.211526 foo one - 0.983776 1.614581 three - 0.862495 0.024580 two 0.049851 1.185429 |
对于多index数据来说,默认返回值也是多index的。如果想使用新的index,可以添加 as_index = False:
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In [ 71 ]: grouped = df.groupby([ "A" , "B" ], as_index = False ) In [ 72 ]: grouped.aggregate(np. sum ) Out[ 72 ]: A B C D 0 bar one 0.254161 1.511763 1 bar three 0.215897 - 0.990582 2 bar two - 0.077118 1.211526 3 foo one - 0.983776 1.614581 4 foo three - 0.862495 0.024580 5 foo two 0.049851 1.185429 In [ 73 ]: df.groupby( "A" , as_index = False ). sum () Out[ 73 ]: A C D 0 bar 0.392940 1.732707 1 foo - 1.796421 2.824590 |
上面的效果等同于reset_index
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In [ 74 ]: df.groupby([ "A" , "B" ]). sum ().reset_index() |
grouped.size() 计算group的大小:
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In [ 75 ]: grouped.size() Out[ 75 ]: A B size 0 bar one 1 1 bar three 1 2 bar two 1 3 foo one 2 4 foo three 1 5 foo two 2 |
grouped.describe() 描述group的信息:
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In [ 76 ]: grouped.describe() Out[ 76 ]: C ... D count mean std min 25 % 50 % ... std min 25 % 50 % 75 % max 0 1.0 0.254161 NaN 0.254161 0.254161 0.254161 ... NaN 1.511763 1.511763 1.511763 1.511763 1.511763 1 1.0 0.215897 NaN 0.215897 0.215897 0.215897 ... NaN - 0.990582 - 0.990582 - 0.990582 - 0.990582 - 0.990582 2 1.0 - 0.077118 NaN - 0.077118 - 0.077118 - 0.077118 ... NaN 1.211526 1.211526 1.211526 1.211526 1.211526 3 2.0 - 0.491888 0.117887 - 0.575247 - 0.533567 - 0.491888 ... 0.761937 0.268520 0.537905 0.807291 1.076676 1.346061 4 1.0 - 0.862495 NaN - 0.862495 - 0.862495 - 0.862495 ... NaN 0.024580 0.024580 0.024580 0.024580 0.024580 5 2.0 0.024925 1.652692 - 1.143704 - 0.559389 0.024925 ... 1.462816 - 0.441652 0.075531 0.592714 1.109898 1.627081 [ 6 rows x 16 columns] |
通用聚合方法
下面是通用的聚合方法:
函数 | 描述 |
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mean() |
平均值 |
sum() |
求和 |
size() |
计算size |
count() |
group的统计 |
std() |
标准差 |
var() |
方差 |
sem() |
均值的标准误 |
describe() |
统计信息描述 |
first() |
第一个group值 |
last() |
最后一个group值 |
nth() |
第n个group值 |
min() |
最小值 |
max() |
最大值 |
可以同时指定多个聚合方法:
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In [ 81 ]: grouped = df.groupby( "A" ) In [ 82 ]: grouped[ "C" ].agg([np. sum , np.mean, np.std]) Out[ 82 ]: sum mean std A bar 0.392940 0.130980 0.181231 foo - 1.796421 - 0.359284 0.912265 |
可以重命名:
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In [ 84 ]: ( ....: grouped[ "C" ] ....: .agg([np. sum , np.mean, np.std]) ....: .rename(columns = { "sum" : "foo" , "mean" : "bar" , "std" : "baz" }) ....: ) ....: Out[ 84 ]: foo bar baz A bar 0.392940 0.130980 0.181231 foo - 1.796421 - 0.359284 0.912265 |
NamedAgg
NamedAgg 可以对聚合进行更精准的定义,它包含 column 和aggfunc 两个定制化的字段。
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In [ 88 ]: animals = pd.DataFrame( ....: { ....: "kind" : [ "cat" , "dog" , "cat" , "dog" ], ....: "height" : [ 9.1 , 6.0 , 9.5 , 34.0 ], ....: "weight" : [ 7.9 , 7.5 , 9.9 , 198.0 ], ....: } ....: ) ....: In [ 89 ]: animals Out[ 89 ]: kind height weight 0 cat 9.1 7.9 1 dog 6.0 7.5 2 cat 9.5 9.9 3 dog 34.0 198.0 In [ 90 ]: animals.groupby( "kind" ).agg( ....: min_height = pd.NamedAgg(column = "height" , aggfunc = "min" ), ....: max_height = pd.NamedAgg(column = "height" , aggfunc = "max" ), ....: average_weight = pd.NamedAgg(column = "weight" , aggfunc = np.mean), ....: ) ....: Out[ 90 ]: min_height max_height average_weight kind cat 9.1 9.5 8.90 dog 6.0 34.0 102.75 |
或者直接使用一个元组:
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In [ 91 ]: animals.groupby( "kind" ).agg( ....: min_height = ( "height" , "min" ), ....: max_height = ( "height" , "max" ), ....: average_weight = ( "weight" , np.mean), ....: ) ....: Out[ 91 ]: min_height max_height average_weight kind cat 9.1 9.5 8.90 dog 6.0 34.0 102.75 |
不同的列指定不同的聚合方法
通过给agg方法传入一个字典,可以指定不同的列使用不同的聚合:
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In [ 95 ]: grouped.agg({ "C" : "sum" , "D" : "std" }) Out[ 95 ]: C D A bar 0.392940 1.366330 foo - 1.796421 0.884785 |
转换操作
转换是将对象转换为同样大小对象的操作。在数据分析的过程中,经常需要进行数据的转换操作。
可以接lambda操作:
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In [ 112 ]: ts.groupby( lambda x: x.year).transform( lambda x: x. max () - x. min ()) |
填充na值:
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In [ 121 ]: transformed = grouped.transform( lambda x: x.fillna(x.mean())) |
过滤操作
filter方法可以通过lambda表达式来过滤我们不需要的数据:
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In [ 136 ]: sf = pd.Series([ 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 3 ]) In [ 137 ]: sf.groupby(sf). filter ( lambda x: x. sum () > 2 ) Out[ 137 ]: 3 3 4 3 5 3 dtype: int64 |
Apply操作
有些数据可能不适合进行聚合或者转换操作,Pandas提供了一个 apply
方法,用来进行更加灵活的转换操作。
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In [ 156 ]: df Out[ 156 ]: A B C D 0 foo one - 0.575247 1.346061 1 bar one 0.254161 1.511763 2 foo two - 1.143704 1.627081 3 bar three 0.215897 - 0.990582 4 foo two 1.193555 - 0.441652 5 bar two - 0.077118 1.211526 6 foo one - 0.408530 0.268520 7 foo three - 0.862495 0.024580 In [ 157 ]: grouped = df.groupby( "A" ) # could also just call .describe() In [ 158 ]: grouped[ "C" ]. apply ( lambda x: x.describe()) Out[ 158 ]: A bar count 3.000000 mean 0.130980 std 0.181231 min - 0.077118 25 % 0.069390 ... foo min - 1.143704 25 % - 0.862495 50 % - 0.575247 75 % - 0.408530 max 1.193555 Name: C, Length: 16 , dtype: float64 |
可以外接函数:
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In [ 159 ]: grouped = df.groupby( 'A' )[ 'C' ] In [ 160 ]: def f(group): .....: return pd.DataFrame({ 'original' : group, .....: 'demeaned' : group - group.mean()}) .....: In [ 161 ]: grouped. apply (f) Out[ 161 ]: original demeaned 0 - 0.575247 - 0.215962 1 0.254161 0.123181 2 - 1.143704 - 0.784420 3 0.215897 0.084917 4 1.193555 1.552839 5 - 0.077118 - 0.208098 6 - 0.408530 - 0.049245 7 - 0.862495 - 0.503211 |
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