手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计时界面

大家好，我是吴老板。

前言

前段时间在微博看到一段摸鱼人的倒计时模板，感觉还挺有趣的。

于是我用了一小时的时间写了个页面出来 摸鱼办地址 (当然是摸鱼的时间啦)。

模板是这样的:

摸鱼办公室

【摸鱼办公室】今天是 2021-11-30 星期二

你好，摸鱼人，工作再累，一定不要忘记摸鱼哦 ! 有事没事起身去茶水间去廊道去天台走走，别老在工位上坐着。多喝点水，钱是老板的，但命是自己的 !

距离 周末 放假还有 2 天

距离 元旦 放假还有 3 天

距离 过年 放假还有 34 天

距离 清明节 放假还有 97 天

距离 劳动节 放假还有 123 天

距离 端午节 放假还有 156 天

距离 中秋节 放假还有 255 天

距离 国庆节 放假还有 276 天

• 由于前端是单页面服务，直接撸一个原始的 html 网页就行。
• FastAPI 对于异步请求是一把好手、更轻、性能更佳。
• 挂上一层 Nginx 让它看起来像那么回事儿。

实现过程

• 首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。
• 我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。
• 而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。

初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. import datetime
3. from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
4. from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
5. from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
6. from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
7.  
8. app = FastAPI(
9. debug=False,
10. title="My API",
11. docs_url="/docs",
12. openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
13. )
14.  
15. templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 这个库、主要用于阴历和阳历之间的相互转换。用法如下

1. today = datetime.date.today()
2. print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
3. print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
4. print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
5. print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
6. print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
7. print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year}-04-05")
8. print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year}-05-01")
9. print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")

我们可以梳理一下:

• 计算距离 大年、元旦 的天数时，要在年份上 +1
• 计算距离 其他节日 的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于 0，如果是，则年份需要 +1，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义

1. distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
2.  
3. distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
4. distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
5. lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
6.  
7. distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
8. distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
9. lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
10.  
11. distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
12.  
13. distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
14. distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
15. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
16.  
17. distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
18. distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
19. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
20.  
21. distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
22. distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
23. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。

接下来需要计算一下距离周末的天数。

1. def get_week_day(date):
2. week_day_dict = {
3. 0: '星期一',
4. 1: '星期二',
5. 2: '星期三',
6. 3: '星期四',
7. 4: '星期五',
8. 5: '星期六',
9. 6: '星期天',
10. }
11. day = date.weekday()
12. return week_day_dict[day]
13.  
14. week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
15. print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先获取今天是星期几

按照每周 5 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是

1. 5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末

现在将所有的数据组装起来

1. time_ = [
2. {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
3. {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
4. {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
5. {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
6. {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
7. {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
8. {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
9. ]

至于为什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的排序，让最先放假的节日放于最前面， 这样看起来会舒服得多。

1. time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)

接下来要写一个 路由，将数据传入到 html 页面中去。

1. @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
2. async def readme(request: Request):
3. return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
4. {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})

来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. import datetime
3. from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
4. from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
5. from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
6. from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
7.  
8. app = FastAPI(
9. debug=False,
10. title="My API",
11. docs_url=f"/docs",
12. openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
13. )
14.  
15. templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
16.  
17. today = datetime.date.today()
18.  
19. # print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
20. # print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
21. # print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
22. # print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
23. # print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
24. # print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05")
25. # print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01")
26. # print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01")
27.  
28. distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
29.  
30. distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
31. distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
32. lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
33.  
34. distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
35. distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
36. lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
37.  
38. distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
39.  
40. distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
41. distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
42. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
43.  
44. distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
45. distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
46. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
47.  
48. distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
49. distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
50. datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
51.  
52.  
53. def get_week_day(date):
54. week_day_dict = {
55. 0: '星期一',
56. 1: '星期二',
57. 2: '星期三',
58. 3: '星期四',
59. 4: '星期五',
60. 5: '星期六',
61. 6: '星期天',
62. }
63. day = date.weekday()
64. return week_day_dict[day]
65.  
66.  
67. # print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year)
68. # print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5)
69. # print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15)
70. # print("距离元旦: ", distance_year)
71. # print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5)
72. # print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1)
73. # print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1)
74. # print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())
75.  
76. now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日"
77. week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
78. time_ = [
79. {"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"}, # 距离周末
80. {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
81. {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
82. {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
83. {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
84. {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
85. {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
86. {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
87. ]
88.  
89. time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
90.  
91.  
92. @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
93. async def readme(request: Request):
94. return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
95. {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
96.  
97.  
98. if __name__ == '__main__':
99. import uvicorn
100.  
101. uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)

最后就到了 html 页面部分了，来看一下主要的传值。

1.  
2. 【摸鱼办公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }}
3. 
    
4. {% for v_ in time_ %}

5. 距离 {{ v_.title }} 放假还有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天

6. {% else %}

7. 沒有任何值

8. {% endfor %}
9.  
10.  

这样整个的路由构造和页面编写就算是完成了。

最后通过 Nginx 部署到我的站点上。

摸鱼办预览地址

代码已经上传至 摸鱼办：

https://github.com/PY-GZKY/moyu

原文链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ta4MSat2cIsz4VfCkl8cmg