C语言线性代数算法实现矩阵示例代码

C语言实现矩阵

矩阵作为一个结构体而言，至少要包含行数、列数以及数据。

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									#include <stdio.h>

									#include <stdlib.h>

									#include <string.h>

									typedef struct{

									    int row, col, size;

									    double *data;

									} Matrix;

特殊矩阵

接下来通过这个结构体实现一些特殊的矩阵，例如包括相同元素的矩阵、对角矩阵等。

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									#define SetBase(mat) \

									    (Matrix*)malloc(sizeof(Matrix));\

									    mat->row = row;\

									    mat->col = col;\

									    mat->size = row*col;\

									    mat->data = (double*)malloc(mat->size*sizeof(double))

									//特殊矩阵

									Matrix* Sames(double n, int row, int col){

									    Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);

									    for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)

									        mat->data[i]=n;

									    return mat;    

									}

									#define Ones(row,col) Sames(1,row,col)

									#define Zeros(row,col) Sames(0,row,col)

									Matrix* Diag(double n, int row, int col){

									    Matrix* mat = Sames(0,row,col);

									    for (int i = 0; i < min(row,col) ; i++)

									        mat->data[i*col+i] = n;

									    return mat;

									}

									#define Eye(row,col) Diag(1,row,col)

									Matrix* CountMatrix(int row, int col){

									    Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);

									    for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)

									        mat->data[i]=i;

									    return mat;

									}

									//生成[L,R]范围内的随机矩阵

									Matrix* RandMat(int row,int col, double L, double R){

									    Matrix* mat = SetBase(mat);

									    int size=R-L;

									    for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)

									        mat->data[i] = rand()%size+L;

									    return mat;

									}

特殊矩阵验证

由于要识别输入的函数，所以先新建一个函数的结构体

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									typedef struct{

									    char* name;

									    int len;

									    int numPara;                //参数个数

									    double params[MAXLEN];      //参数列表

									}Func;

然后通过字符串来生成Func

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									//用于识别函数

									void initFunc(Func* func,char* str){

									    int i = -1;

									    int j = 0;

									    while(str[++i]!='('){}

									    func->len = i;

									    func->name = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*func->len);

									    for (j = 0; j < i; j++)

									        func->name[j] = str[j];

									    func->name[i] = '\0';

									    int start = ++i;

									    char temp[MAXLEN];

									    j = 0;    

									    while (str[i]!=')')

									    {

									        if(str[i]==','){

									            temp[i-start]='\0';

									            start = i+1;

									            func->params[j]=atof(temp);

									            j++;

									        }else

									            temp[i-start]=str[i];

									        i++;

									    }

									    temp[i-start]='\0';

									    func->params[j]=atof(temp);

									    func->numPara = j+1;

									}

接下来需要实现打印矩阵的函数

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									void printMat(Matrix* mat){

									    printf("mat:");

									    printf("%dx%d=%d\n",mat->col,mat->row,mat->size);

									    for (int i = 0; i < mat->size; i++)

									    {

									        printf("%f,",mat->data[i]);

									        if((i+1)%mat->col==0)

									            printf("\n");

									    }

									}

最后是main函数

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									int isFunc(Func* func, char* str){

									    for (int i = 0; i < func->len; i++)

									    {

									        if(func->name[i]!=str[i])

									            return FALSE;

									        if(str[i]=='\0')

									            return FALSE;

									    }

									    return TRUE;

									}

									#define intPara (int)func->params

									#define floatPara func->params

									//#define isFunc(str) strcmp(func->name,str)

									int main(){

									    //char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * MAXLEN);

									    char str[MAXLEN];

									    Matrix* mat = NULL;

									    Func* func = (Func*)malloc(sizeof(func));

									    while(1)

									    {

									        printf("please input:");

									        gets(str);

									        initFunc(func,str);

									        if(isFunc(func,"Sames"))

									            mat = Sames(floatPara[0],intPara[1],intPara[2]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"Ones"))

									            mat = Ones(intPara[0],intPara[1]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"Zeros"))

									            mat = Zeros(intPara[0],intPara[1]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"Diag"))

									            mat = Diag(floatPara[0],intPara[1],intPara[2]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"Eye"))

									            mat = Eye(intPara[0],intPara[1]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"CountMatrix"))

									            mat = CountMatrix(intPara[0],intPara[1]);

									        else if(isFunc(func,"RandMat"))

									            mat = RandMat(intPara[0],intPara[1],

									                        floatPara[2],floatPara[3]);

									        else

									            continue;

									        printMat(mat);

									    }

									}

验证一下

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									PS E:\Code\PL\calc> .\a.exe

									please input:Ones(4,4)

									mat:4x4=16

									1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,

									1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,

									1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,

									1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,1.000000,

									please input:Zeros(3,5)

									mat:5x3=15

									0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,

									0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,

									0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,

									please input:RandMat(3,3,0,100)

									mat:3x3=9

									41.000000,67.000000,34.000000,

									0.000000,69.000000,24.000000,

									78.000000,58.000000,62.000000,

									please input:Eye(3,3)

									mat:3x3=9

									1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,

									0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,

									0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,

									please input:CountMatrix(2,4)

									mat:4x2=8

									0.000000,1.000000,2.000000,3.000000,

									4.000000,5.000000,6.000000,7.000000,