本文所使用的软件及环境:
Visual Studio Ultimate 2013;
MVC5 + EF6 + .NET Framework 4.5 + LocalDB;Windows 7 x64 Professional
说明:
1.在EF (Entity Framework,以下简称EF6)框架下,操作数据的方式有三种:Database First, Model First, 以及 Code First,本文基于Code First创建。
2.本文是基于MVC5创建:
3.LocalDB
- LocalDB是SQL Server Express数据库引擎的轻量级版本,其非常易于安装、配置、以命令行启动并运行在user model.
- LocalDB以一种SQL Server Express特殊的执行模型运行,从而使得你能够以.mdf文件的方式来操作数据库。如果你想使得数据库具有随项目迁移的能力,你可以把LocalDB数据库文件放在web项目的App_Data文件夹下。
- 在SQL Server Express中虽然你能够通过使用用户示例功能来达到操作.mdf文件的目的,但是这种做法是不推荐的,相反,LocalDB是被推荐的方式。在Visual Studio2012及随后的版本中,LocalDB随Visual Studio一起默认安装的。
- 通常来说SQL Server Express并不会被用于Web应用程序的生产环境,同样地,LocalDB由于其并不是针对IIS而设计的也不被推荐使用于生产环境。
一、创建基于MVCWeb Application
在正式开始之前,先看一下VS 2013的启动界面,是不是有点冷酷的感觉
好了,言归正传,首先按如下截图创建
创建完成后,我们对网站的风格做些微调,以便能契合应用主题
Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml做如下更改(请看黄色高亮部分)
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<!DOCTYPE html> < html > < head > < meta charset = "utf-8" /> < meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" > < title >@ViewBag.Title - Contact</ title > @Styles.Render("~/Content/css") @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr") </ head > < body > < div class = "navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top" > < div class = "container" > < div class = "navbar-header" > < button type = "button" class = "navbar-toggle" data-toggle = "collapse" data-target = ".navbar-collapse" > < span class = "icon-bar" ></ span > < span class = "icon-bar" ></ span > < span class = "icon-bar" ></ span > </ button > @Html.ActionLink("Contact", "Index", "Home", null, new { @class = "navbar-brand" }) </ div > < div class = "navbar-collapse collapse" > < ul class = "nav navbar-nav" > < li >@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</ li > < li >@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</ li > < li >@Html.ActionLink("Contacts", "Index", "Contact")</ li > < li >@Html.ActionLink("Groups", "Index", "Group")</ li > </ ul > </ div > </ div > </ div > < div class = "container body-content" > @RenderBody() < hr /> < footer > < p >© @DateTime.Now.Year - Contact</ p > </ footer > </ div > @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery") @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap") @RenderSection("scripts", required: false) </ body > </ html > Views\Home\Index.cshtml 替换成如下内容 @{ ViewBag.Title = "Home Page"; } < div class = "jumbotron" > < h1 >Contact</ h1 > </ div > < div class = "row" > < div class = "col-md-4" > < h2 >Welcome to Contact</ h2 > < p > Contact is a sample application that demonstrates how to use Entity Framework 6 in an ASP.NET MVC 5 web application. </ p > </ div > < div class = "col-md-4" > < h2 >Build it from scratch</ h2 > < p >You can build the application by following the steps in the tutorial series on the following site.</ p > < p >< a class = "btn btn-default" href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/panchunting/p/creating-an-entity-framework-data-model-for-an-asp-net-mvc-application.html" >See the tutorial »</ a ></ p > </ div > </ div > |
运行看一下效果吧
安装EF6
创建数据模型
在Models文件夹下,分别创建Contact.cs、Enrollment.cs、Group.cs三个类
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public class Contact { public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; } public virtual ICollection< Enrollment > Enrollments { get; set; } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public class Enrollment { public int EnrollmentID { get; set; } public int ContactID { get; set; } public int GroupID { get; set; } public virtual Contact Contact { get; set; } public virtual Group Group { get; set; } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public enum GroupName { Friend, Family, Colleague, Schoolmate, Stranger } public class Group { public int GroupID { get; set; } public GroupName? GroupName { get; set; } public virtual ICollection< Enrollment > Enrollments { get; set; } } } |
PS:发现VS 2013有一个自动提示reference,是不是很方便啊
创建Database Context
在PCT.Contact项目下新建文件夹DAL(Data Access Layer),继而继续新建CommunicationContext.cs
悲剧啊,由于类Contact和项目名称Contact重复,不得不写全称啊,以后注意。
继续在DAL目录下创建CommunicationInitializer.cs
为了通知EF使用你创建的initializer class,在项目的web.config中添加entityFramework节点
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< entityFramework > < contexts > < context type = "PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationContext, PCT.Contact" > < databaseInitializer type = "PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationInitializer, PCT.Contact" /> </ context > </ contexts > < defaultConnectionFactory type = "System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" /> < providers > < provider invariantName = "System.Data.SqlClient" type = "System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> </ providers > </ entityFramework > |
在项目web.config中添加connectionstrings(在appSettings之上)
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< connectionStrings > < add name = "CommunicationContext" connectionString = "Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=ContactCommunication;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName = "System.Data.SqlClient" /> </ connectionStrings > < appSettings > < add key = "webpages:Version" value = "3.0.0.0" /> < add key = "webpages:Enabled" value = "false" /> < add key = "ClientValidationEnabled" value = "true" /> < add key = "UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value = "true" /> </ appSettings > |
运行结果
查看LocalDB
希望本文可以对大家学习有所帮助。