本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。
创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。
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package com.yiibai.struts2; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Emailer extends ActionSupport { private String from; private String password; private String to; private String subject; private String body; static Properties properties = new Properties(); static { properties.put( "mail.smtp.host" , "smtp.gmail.com" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.port" , "465" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.class" , "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.auth" , "true" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.port" , "465" ); } public String execute() { String ret = SUCCESS; try { Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password); }}); Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom( new InternetAddress(from)); message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to)); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); Transport.send(message); } catch (Exception e) { ret = ERROR; e.printStackTrace(); } return ret; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this .from = from; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this .to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this .subject = subject; } public String getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(String body) { this .body = body; } public static Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public static void setProperties(Properties properties) { Emailer.properties = properties; } } |
可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性
- from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID
- password - 上述帐户的密码
- to - 给谁发送电子邮件?
- Subject - 电子邮件主题
- body - 实际的电子邮件消息
我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。
创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Form</title> </head> <body> <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. So you need to enter a gmail username and password </em> <form action= "emailer" method= "post" > <label for = "from" >From</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "from" /><br/> <label for = "password" >Password</label><br/> <input type= "password" name= "password" /><br/> <label for = "to" >To</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "to" /><br/> <label for = "subject" >Subject</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "subject" /><br/> <label for = "body" >Body</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "body" /><br/> <input type= "submit" value= "Send Email" /> </form> </body> </html> |
创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Success</title> </head> <body> Your email to <s:property value= "to" /> was sent successfully. </body> </html> |
下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Error</title> </head> <body> There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value= "to" />. </body> </html> |
配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> < struts > < constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "true" /> < package name = "helloworld" extends = "struts-default" > < action name = "emailer" class = "com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer" method = "execute" > < result name = "success" >/success.jsp</ result > < result name = "error" >/error.jsp</ result > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
以下是web.xml文件中的内容:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.0" > < display-name >Struts 2</ display-name > < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > < filter > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > </ web-app > |
现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:
输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:
如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.
1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
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< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl" > < property name = "host" value = "host" /> < property name = "username" value = "username" /> < property name = "password" value = "password" /> </ bean > < bean id = "sendMailAction" class = "cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton = "false" > < property name = "mailSender" >< ref bean = "mailSender" /> </ property > </ bean > |
2)实现发送邮件java类代码
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protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this .mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception { |
1:简单邮件
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protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this .mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception { |
2:HTML邮件的发送
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//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage); //设置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" ); messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" ); messageHelper.setSubject( "测试HTML邮件!" ); //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>" , true ); //发送邮件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage); |
3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片
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//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); //注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用, multipart模式 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage, true ); //设置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" ); messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" ); messageHelper.setSubject( "测试邮件中嵌套图片!!" ); //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" + "<img src=" / " mce_src=" / "" cid:aaa/ "/></body></html>" , true ); FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource( new File( "c:/aaa.jpg" )); messageHelper.addInline( "aaa" ,img); //发送邮件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage); } } |