使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:
可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。
会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。
例子:
我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:
这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:
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package com.yiibai; import java.util.*; public class JavaCollection { List addressList; Set addressSet; Map addressMap; Properties addressProp; // a setter method to set List public void setAddressList(List addressList) { this .addressList = addressList; } // prints and returns all the elements of the list. public List getAddressList() { System.out.println( "List Elements :" + addressList); return addressList; } // a setter method to set Set public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) { this .addressSet = addressSet; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Set. public Set getAddressSet() { System.out.println( "Set Elements :" + addressSet); return addressSet; } // a setter method to set Map public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) { this .addressMap = addressMap; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Map. public Map getAddressMap() { System.out.println( "Map Elements :" + addressMap); return addressMap; } // a setter method to set Property public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) { this .addressProp = addressProp; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Property. public Properties getAddressProp() { System.out.println( "Property Elements :" + addressProp); return addressProp; } } |
以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:
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package com.yiibai; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "Beans.xml" ); JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean( "javaCollection" ); jc.getAddressList(); jc.getAddressSet(); jc.getAddressMap(); jc.getAddressProp(); } } |
以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Definition for javaCollection --> < bean id = "javaCollection" class = "com.yiibai.JavaCollection" > <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call --> < property name = "addressList" > < list > < value >INDIA</ value > < value >Pakistan</ value > < value >USA</ value > < value >USA</ value > </ list > </ property > <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call --> < property name = "addressSet" > < set > < value >INDIA</ value > < value >Pakistan</ value > < value >USA</ value > < value >USA</ value > </ set > </ property > <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call --> < property name = "addressMap" > < map > < entry key = "1" value = "INDIA" /> < entry key = "2" value = "Pakistan" /> < entry key = "3" value = "USA" /> < entry key = "4" value = "USA" /> </ map > </ property > <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call --> < property name = "addressProp" > < props > < prop key = "one" >INDIA</ prop > < prop key = "two" >Pakistan</ prop > < prop key = "three" >USA</ prop > < prop key = "four" >USA</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
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List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA] Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA] Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA} Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA} |
注入Bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values --> < bean id = "..." class = "..." > <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List --> < property name = "addressList" > < list > < ref bean = "address1" /> < ref bean = "address2" /> < value >Pakistan</ value > </ list > </ property > <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set --> < property name = "addressSet" > < set > < ref bean = "address1" /> < ref bean = "address2" /> < value >Pakistan</ value > </ set > </ property > <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map --> < property name = "addressMap" > < map > < entry key = "one" value = "INDIA" /> < entry key = "two" value-ref = "address1" /> < entry key = "three" value-ref = "address2" /> </ map > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:
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<bean id= "..." class = "exampleBean" > <property name= "email" value= "" /> </bean> |
前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail("")
如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:
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<bean id= "..." class = "exampleBean" > <property name= "email" >< null /></property> </bean> |
前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)