这篇文章主要介绍了Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
在用scrapy做爬虫的时候，需要将数据存入的es中。网上找了两种方法，照葫芦画瓢也能出来，暂记下来：
首先安装了es，版本是5.6.1的较早版本
用pip安装与es版本相对的es相关包
pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0
方法一：
以下是pipelines.py模块的完整代码
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlimport chardetclass SinafinancespiderPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return item# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应from elasticsearch_dsl import Date,Nested,Boolean,analyzer,Completion,Keyword,Text,Integer,DocTypefrom elasticsearch_dsl.connections import connectionsconnections.create_connection(hosts=['192.168.52.138'])from elasticsearch import Elasticsearches = Elasticsearch()class AticleType(DocType): page_from = Keyword() # domain报错 domain=Keyword() cra_url=Keyword() spider = Keyword() cra_time = Keyword() page_release_time = Keyword() page_title = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word") page_content = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")class Meta: index = "scrapy" doc_type = "sinafinance" # 以下settings和mappings都没起作用，暂且记下 settings = { "number_of_shards": 3, } mappings = { '_id':{'path':'cra_url'} }class ExchangeratespiderESPipeline(DocType): from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200'] es = Elasticsearch(ES,sniff_on_start=True) def process_item(self, item, spider): spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES") article = AticleType() article.page_from=item['page_from'] article.domain=item['domain'] article.cra_url =item['cra_url'] article.spider =item['spider'] article.cra_time =item['cra_time'] article.page_release_time =item['page_release_time'] article.page_title =item['page_title'] article.page_content =item['page_content'] article.save() return item |
以上方法能将数据写入es，但是如果重复爬取的话，会重复插入数据，因为 主键 ”_id” 是ES自己产生的，找不到自定义_id的入口。于是放弃。
方法二：实现自定义主键写入，覆盖插入
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlfrom elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearchclass SinafinancespiderPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return item# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应class SinafinancespiderESPipeline(): def __init__(self): self.ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200'] # 创建es客户端 self.es = Elasticsearch( self.ES, # 启动前嗅探es集群服务器 sniff_on_start=True, # es集群服务器结点连接异常时是否刷新es结点信息 sniff_on_connection_fail=True, # 每60秒刷新节点信息 sniffer_timeout=60 ) def process_item(self, item, spider): spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES") doc = { 'page_from': item['page_from'], 'domain': item['domain'], 'spider': item['spider'], 'page_release_time': item['page_release_time'], 'page_title': item['page_title'], 'page_content': item['page_content'], 'cra_url': item['cra_url'], 'cra_time': item['cra_time'] } self.es.index(index='scrapy', doc_type='sinafinance', body=doc, id=item['cra_url']) return item |
搜索数据的方法：
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# 字典形式设置bodyquery = { 'query': { 'bool': { 'must': [ {'match': {'_all': 'python web'}} ], 'filter': [ {'term': {'status': 2}} ] } }}ret = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=query)# 查询数据data = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=body)print(data)# 增加es.index(...)# 修改es.update(...)# 删除es.delete() |
完成后
在settings.py模块中注册自定义的类
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ITEM_PIPELINES = { # 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderPipeline': 300, 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderESPipeline': 300,} |
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyowin/p/12209706.html
