SQL Server中加密是层级的,每一个上层为下提供保护。如图:
实例:
/**
SMK(Service Master Key)在SQL Server安装时生成,由Windows DPAPI(Data Protection API)提供保护
**/
/**创建数据库级别DMK(Database Master Key),受SMK保护**/
create master key encryption by password=N'Passw0rd'
go
/**数据库内的加密对象受DMK保护
支持的对称加密算法:DES | TRIPLE_DES | TRIPLE_DES_3KEY | RC2 | RC4 | RC4_128| DESX | AES_128 | AES_192 | AES_256
非对称加密算法:RSA_512 | RSA_1024 | RSA_2048
注意避免使用RC,DESX类算法,2014之后会删除此功能
**/
--1.创建非对称密钥.
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create asymmetric key asyc_key_enc with algorithm=RSA_1024 encryption by password =N 'Pass@word' go |
--2.创建对称密钥.
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create symmetric key symc_key_enc with algorithm=Triple_DES encryption by password =N 'Pass@word' go |
--3.创建证书.证书也可被其它方式保护
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create certificate cert_ENC with subject= 'certificate for ENC' ,expiry_date= '20990101' go |
--4.对称密钥可由以上三种方式提供加密保护
--4.1 由非对称密钥加密
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create symmetric key symc_key_enc_byAsyc with algorithm=AES_128 encryption by asymmetric key asyc_key_enc go |
--4.2 由对称密钥加密
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open symmetric key symc_key_enc decryption by password =N ' Pass@word' ; create symmetric key symc_key_enc_bySymc with algorithm = DES encryption by symmetric key symc_key_enc go |
--4.3 由证书加密
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create symmetric key symc_key_enc_byCert with algorithm =AES_128 encryption by certificate cert_ENC go |
/**列级数据加密和解密.MSSQL提供以下4对加密/解密函数对列数据加密
EncryptByCert() 和DecryptByCert()—利用证书对数据进行加密和解密
EncryptByAsymKey() and DecryptByAsymKey()—利用非对称密钥对数据进行加密和解密
EncryptByKey() and DecryptByKey()—利用对称密钥对数据进行加密和解密
EncryptByPassphrase() and DecryptByPassphrase()—利用密码字段产生对称密钥对数据进行加密和解密
注意:被加密和解密的数据,必需是varbinary类型
**/
--以ENCRYPTBYKEY为例,其它的大同小异
--对***号IDN进行加密和解密
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create table tb(IDN int , Name varchar (20)); insert into tb values (123456789, 'BigBrother' ),(090807001, 'SpiderMan' ),(336655789, 'SuperMan' ) go |
--新增列Ency_IDN存储加密数据,使用之前由非对称密钥加密的对称密钥symc_key_enc_byAsyc来加密数据
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alter table tb add Ency_IDN varbinary(128); go open symmetric key symc_key_enc_byAsyc decryption by asymmetric key asyc_key_enc with password =N ' Pass@word' ; update tb set Ency_IDN=ENCRYPTBYKEY(KEY_GUID( 'symc_key_enc_byAsyc' ), CONVERT (Varbinary,IDN)); --加密前要转成varbinary close symmetric key symc_key_enc_byAsyc --显式关闭对称密钥 go |
--解密被加密的列数据
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open symmetric key symc_key_enc_byAsyc decryption by asymmetric key asyc_key_enc with password =N ' Pass@word' ; select IDN,Ency_IDN, convert ( int ,DECRYPTBYKEY(Ency_IDN)) as Decr_IDN from tb; close symmetric key symc_key_enc_byAsyc --显式关闭对称密钥 go 1 <br> |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。